Analyzing Media Messages: Using Quantitative Content Analysis in Research

The Mediterranean island of Cyprus, the last divided country in Europe, faced a grave risk of plunging into war in September 2011. The reason behind this danger was represented as the confrontation...

Peace journalism in times of ‘war risks’: Coverage of the hydrocarbons conflict in Turkish Cypriot and Greek Cypriot newspapers:

This article examines the news coverage of a nonmilitary conflict: The US–China trade conflict by major news media outlets in the USA and China using the war and peace journalism framework. Role in the conflict as initiator/responder, medium difference, the press role in each press system, and partisanship of news media were hypothesized to affect the war and peace journalism practice. Moreover, the trade conflict was divided into three stages to test the applicability of the “foreign policy market equilibrium hypothesis” by analyzing the changes in the uses of sources and presence of competing frames over time. US news media were found to employ more war journalism and less peace journalism than their Chinese counterpart. They also had much lower coverage of the conflict than their Chinese counterpart. Newspapers were more likely to use war journalism than television. US partisan liberal media selectively supported and opposed the US government trade policy.

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How US and Chinese Media Cover the US–China Trade Conflict: A Case Study of War and Peace Journalism Practice and the Foreign Policy Equilibrium Hypothesis

espanolLa cobertura mediatica de los conflictos armados suele centrarse en la atribucion de responsabilidades, las consecuencias humanitarias o la seguridad, como senalan los principales estudios sobre medios y conflictos. La presente investigacion analiza el uso de encuadres en los medios El Mundo, El Pais (Espana), HispanTV (Iran) y RT (Rusia) cuando cubren las guerras de Yemen y Ucrania. A traves de novedosas tecnicas de aprendizaje de maquina (en concreto, SVM), se muestra que los medios ruso e irani no siguen las pautas de las rutinas periodisticas tradicionales, sino que el uso de encuadres depende de la posicion geoestrategica de sus paises de origen. EnglishThe media coverage of armed conflicts tends to focus on the attribution of responsibilities and the humanitarian or security frames, as the main studies about media and conflicts have asserted. The present research analyzes the frames used in media outlets such as El Mundo and El Pais (Spain), HispanTV (Iran) and RT (Russia), in their coverage of wars in Yemen and Ukraine. Through innovative and machine learning techniques (particularly, SVM), the authors demonstrate that RT and HispanTV do not follow the traditional routines of mass media, and that the use of frames rely more on the geostrategic position of their countries of origin.

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Conflictos armados y cobertura mediática: aproximación al aprendizaje de máquina supervisado

espanolEl proposito de este trabajo es caracterizar los procesos de construccion de contenidos de paz en los medios radiales San Buenaventura Estereo y Radio B del municipio de Bello (Antioquia, Colombia), conforme con lasdirectrices sugeridas por parte de organismos nacionales e internacionales en pro de la creacion de relatos que coadyuven a la memoria historica de esta localidad. Se justifica su realizacion en tanto parte de la tipologia de investigacion constructiva sobre la paz que permite comprender los modos en que los productores radiales y los oyentes de este lugar, reconocido como escenario de violencia, edifican la cultura de paz a partir de los relatos reconciliadores de sus propias violencias. La metodologia sigue el constructivismo de paz, por lo que el estudio es cualitativo y descriptivo con un muestreo no probabilistico por conveniencia; al ser pocas las emisoras, solo las elegidas contaban con produccion en esta materia. Se emplearon tecnicas de produccion de datos como revision documental de la categoria contenidos de paz en las realizaciones radiales: Por las calles de mi barrio, con lideres barriales; Locutores por la paz, con ninos; y En clave de paz, con actores del conflicto. Ademas, se hicieron entrevistas semiestructuradas y talleres participativos, aplicados a directores y productores de los medios abordados, desde las categorias principios de produccion radial y memoria historica. Como hallazgos se destacan la proactividad de los productores y su interes en la generacion de los programas en un contexto donde las capacidades endogenas de los bellanitas operan como recurso de resiliencia. El analisis indica que los nuevos relatos producidos en estos medios contribuyen a la construccion de la memoria historica del municipio, donde los participantes ven en el medio radial, y su labor, oportunidades de aprendizajes para la vida que pueden fortalecerse con la academia para garantizar su sostenibilidad con la formacion a las generaciones mas jovenes. EnglishThe purpose of this work is to characterize the peace contents construction processes in the San Buenaventura Estereo and Radio B radio station of the Bello municipality (Antioquia, Colombia), in accordance with the directions suggested by the national and international organizations in pro for creation of narratives that aid the historical memory of this locality. The study is justified given that it is based upon the constructive research typology that allows the comprehension of how radio producers and audiences in this place, recognized as a violent scenario, are building a peace culture from reconciliatory narratives based on its own violence. The methodology closely follows peace constructivism, the reason why the study is qualitative and descriptive with a convenient non-probabilistic sampling; because of how few the stations are, only those chosen had productions in this line. Various techniques for data production were employed as documentary review of the contents for peace category in the radio productions: Por las calles de mi barrio (Through the streets of my neighborhood), with neighborhood leaders; Locutores por la paz (Broadcasters for peace), with children; and En clave de paz (In peace key), with armed conflict actors. Besides, semi-structured interviews were performed in group workshops with directors and producers of the studied stations based on the principles for radio production and historical memory categories. The proactivity of the producers and their interest in generating these programs in a context were the endogenous capacities of the inhabitant of Bello operate as a resilience resource stand out as the main findings. The analysis points towards that the new narratives produced in these media aid the historical memory for peace construction in the municipality, where the participants see in the radio and their duty opportunities for learnings relevant for their lives that can be strengthened with academia for ensuring their sustainability with the education of younger generations. portuguesEste trabalho tem o objetivo de caracterizar os processos de construcao de conteudos de paz nas emissoras de radio San Buenaventura Estereo e Radio B do municipio de Bello (Antioquia, Colombia), conforme as diretrizes das organizacoes nacionais e internacionais em prol da criacao de relatos que contribuem para a memoria historica dessa regiao. Sua realizacao e justificada por fazer parte da tipologia de pesquisa construtiva sobre a paz que permite compreender os modos nos quais os produtores de radio e os ouvintes do lugar, reconhecido como cenario de violencia, edificam a cultura da paz a partir dos relatos reconciliadores de suas vivencias. A metodologia segue o construtivismo de paz, por isso o estudo e qualitativo e descritivo com uma amostra nao probabilistica por conveniencia; ao serem poucas as emissoras, somente as selecionadas contavam com producao nessa materia. Foram utilizadas tecnicas de producao de dados como revisao documental da categoria “conteudos de paz” nas realizacoes radiais: Por las calles de mi barrio, com lideres de bairros; Locutores por la paz, com criancas, e En clave de paz, com atores do conflito. Alem disso, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e oficinas participativas com diretores e produtores dos meios abordados, a partir das categorias “principios de producao radial” e “memoria historica”. Como achados, sao destacados a proatividade dos produtores e seu interesse na geracao de programas em um contexto em que as capacidades endogenas dos habitantes de Bello operam como recurso de resiliencia. A analise indica que os novos relatos produzidos nesses meios contribuem para a construcao da memoria historica do municipio, em que os participantes veem no meio radial e em seu trabalho oportunidades de aprendizagem para a vida que podem ser fortalecidas com a academia para garantir sua permanencia com a formacao das geracoes mais jovens.

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Procesos constructivos de contenidos de paz: Una mirada a emisoras del municipio de Bello (Colombia)

According to Galtung’s articles ‘On the role of the media in worldwide security and peace’ (1986) and ‘High road, low road: Charting the course for peace journalism’ (1998), war journalism and peac...

An investigation of the conceptualization of peace and war in peace journalism studies of media coverage of national and international conflicts

The Boomerang Effect explains how a given persuasive message produces attitude change in the direction opposite to that intended. We seek to explain how the convergence of Central American migrants at the southwest border since 2014 is, in part, produced by the United States (U.S.) White House messaging misstep. We propose a bottom-up persuasive approach to effectively spread awareness of the dangers of unauthorized border crossing. Instead of state authority voices, local native voices can effectually convey the message. The bottom-up approach of persuasion is a foundational strategy to effectively design a public awareness campaign focusing on ethos. The objective is not to stop immigration, but to educate migrants to (a) identify propaganda and (b) refuse smugglers’ advances. The model considers three main factors: (1) most frequently used and trusted media channels, (2) dynamic influencers and knowledgeable local leaders, (3) competent and trustworthy sources of information.

Mariely Valentin-Llopis

Papers

An investigation of the conceptualization of peace and war in peace journalism studies of media coverage of national and international conflicts

The Perils of the Boomerang Effect: White House Messaging to Deter Border Crossing Backfires