Marina Goulart da Silva

Bio: Marina Goulart da Silva is an academic researcher from Sewanee: The University of the South. The author has contributed to research in topics: Offspring & Population. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 6 publications receiving 5 citations. Previous affiliations of Marina Goulart da Silva include Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina.

Impact of prenatal lipopolysaccharide exposure on the development of rats

Abstract: The intrauterine environment is infl uenced by several factors, genetic or environmental, which are essential in understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of some diseases. In this study, the aim was to investigate the impact of prenatal lipopolysaccharide exposure on the development of rats. Fifty pregnant rats received intraperitoneal administration of lipopolysaccharide (100 µg/kg), or saline at the same dose, on the 9.5th day of pregnancy. The offspring of these rats were analyzed for indicators of brain and somatic development and maturation of physical characteristics. Refl ex ontogenesis was also analyzed by vibrissae placement, negative geotaxis, palmar grasp, precipice aversion, decubitus recovery and acceleration reaction. Administration of lipopolysaccharide on the 9.5th gestational day caused delayed opening of the auditory pavilion, reduction in the length of the tail, body, cranial axes, and body weight. Thus, maternal infections can interfere in the intrauterine environment, impairing functional and structural aspects of the central nervous system, as well as the maturation of physical characteristics.

Aspectos da Filosofia de Immanuel Kant aplicados ao Design

Abstract: O estudo propoe-se a investigar as abordagens filosoficas de Immanuel Kant para entender como o ser humano transforma seus conceitos puros atraves da experiencia sensivel. E necessario distinguir o que nasce da essencia humana e como essa essencia pode ser modificada atraves da relacao experiencial advinda de produtos e promovidas pelo design. O pensamento de Kant afirma que existem dois tipos de conhecimento: os conceitos preexistentes no ser humano, que e o conhecimento puro e independente dos sentidos e anterior ao contato com a experiencia, denominado a priori; e o conhecimento caracterizado pelas percepcoes dos sentidos, a posteriori a experiencia humana. Dessa forma, por meio de um apanhado bibliografico, fez-se uma trajetoria de tais conceitos e como eles estao embutidos no design emocional, observando como o design tem o poder de promover experiencias e mudar conceitos da essencia humana por meio das sensacoes.Palavras-chave:Conhecimento; Experiencia; Linguagem visual; Design emocional;Filosofia de Kant. ABSTRACTThe study intends to investigate the Immanuel Kant’s philosophical approaches to understand how human beings process their pure concepts through sensory experience. It is necessary to distinguish what is born from the human essence and how that essence can be modified through experiential relationship with products and promoted by Design. The theory of Kant claims that there are two kinds of knowledge: one which is pure that is independent from the senses, inherent to the human being, called a priori; and knowledge characterized by the perceptions of the senses, called a posteriori, after a human experience. Through a bibliographic review was investigated how these concepts and emotional design where interlaced. The aim of this article was understand the power of Design in promoting experiences and changing concepts of the human essence through the appeal of the sensations.Keywords: Knowledge; Experience; Visual language; Emotional Design; Kant's philosophy.

Psychiatric hospitalizations in Brazil: exploratory and trend analysis from 2009 to 2019

Abstract: Objective: To examine the rates of psychiatric hospitalization and the average length of stay, in Brazil, from 2009 to 2019, according to sociodemographic variables and character of the hospitalization (elective or urgency). Methods: This is an ecological study, with data collected from the Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System (SIH/SUS). Hospital admission rates were described according to diagnosis, sex, and age group. Percentage variation and rate ratios were calculated. To evaluate the time series, the data were submitted to linear regression analysis. Results: The rate of hospitalization for mental disorders decreased from 14.2/10,000 in 2009 to 11.2 in 2019, with the most significant variation occurring between mental and behavioral disorders due to alcohol use. The men had about twice as many episodes as the women in all the years evaluated. Higher rates were found in the age group of 30 and 59 years. The length of stay also decreased in the period. Besides, the urgency character presented almost 82% of the total hospitalizations. Conclusions: There was a reduction in hospital admissions for mental disorders in the analyzed period, demonstrating the relevance of mental health care changes resulting from the Psychiatric Reform.

Epidemiology of COVID-19 Among Indigenous Populations in Brazil.

Abstract: Due to social and geographical isolation, indigenous people are more vulnerable to adverse conditions; however, there is a lack of data on the epidemics’ impact on these populations. Thus, this article’s objective was to describe the epidemiological situation of COVID-19 in indigenous communities in Brazil. This descriptive observational study was carried out in indigenous communities in the municipality of Amatura (Amazonas, Brazil). Individuals from the Alto Rio Solimoes Special Indigenous Sanitary District (DSEI) who met the Sars-Cov-2 infection case definitions during the period between January and August 2020 were included. For case notification, the definitions adopted by the Ministry of Health of Brazil and by the Special Secretariat for Indigenous Health were considered. Out of the entire population served by the Alto Rio Solimoes DSEI (n = 2890), 109 indigenous people were suspected of having been infected with Sars-Cov-R during the study period; a total of 89 cases were actually confirmed (rate: 3.08 cases/100,000 inhabitants). Most patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were female (56.2%), with a mean age of 32.4 (± 23.6) years. Predominant symptoms were fever (76.4%), dry cough (64%), and headache (60.7%). Complications occurred in 7.9% of the patients; no deaths were reported. These results enhance the observation that indigenous populations, even if relatively isolated, are exposed to COVID-19. The disease cases assessed showed a favorable evolution, which does not mean reducing the need for caring of this population.

Internación psiquiátrica y continuidad del tratamiento extrahospitalario

Abstract: O objetivo desse trabalho foi identificar caracteristicas comuns entre pessoas que tiveram alta hospitalar de internacao psiquiatrica recente. Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo exploratorio em um servico ambulatorial de saude mental. A amostra foi composta por pacientes egressos de internacao. Utilizou-se um questionario e a pesquisa foi aprovada pelo CEP. Estrevistou-se 48 pacientes com idade media de 39 anos. Diagnosticos de Esquizofrenia e Transtornos Esquizotipicos foram prevalentes em 33,3% da amostra. Em media treze pacientes recebem alta de internacao psiquiatrica hospitalar ao mes e 62,5% deles tinham internacoes anteriores. No periodo, 12,5% da amostra necessitou de reinternacao. A internacao psiquiatrica demonstrou ser um recurso necessario aos momentos de crise e parte da manutencao do tratamento psiquiatrico, principalmente dos transtornos mentais graves. O que evidencia a necessidade de uma manutencao adequada do tratamento nos servicos de atendimento comunitario para que a necessidade de reinternacoes seja evitada.

Ayahuasca and Public Health II: Health Status in a Large Sample of Ayahuasca-Ceremony Participants in the Netherlands.

Abstract: Ayahuasca is a plant decoction in traditional Amazonian medicine. Its ritual use has been internationalized, leading to policy challenges that countries should address. This study evaluates the impact of regular ayahuasca ceremony participation on health by assessing the health status of 377 participants in ayahuasca ceremonies in the Netherlands using validated health indicators. A questionnaire was developed and administered to study participants. The questionnaire included several health indicators with public health relevance (e.g., BMI, diet, physical activity) and psychometrically validated questionnaires (ELS and COPE-easy). The data retrieved through health indicators was compared to normative Dutch data. Participants (50.1% women) were mostly Dutch (84.6%) with a mean age of 48.8 years (SD = 11.6). Compared to normative Dutch data, regular participants in ayahuasca ceremonies showed better general well-being, fewer chronic or lifestyle-related diseases, more physical activity, and a more balanced diet. Participants also used less alcohol during the COVID-19 pandemic, and although they used more illegal drugs than the general population, they did not report associated harms. Our findings suggest that regular participation in ayahuasca ceremonies is not linked to relevant health harms. This data could help drug policymakers to develop and implement evidence-based public policies.

Psychedelics and Anti-inflammatory Activity in Animal Models.

Abstract: The serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) 2A receptor is most well known as the common target for classic psychedelic compounds. Interestingly, the 5-HT2A receptor is the most widely expressed mammalian serotonin receptor and is found in nearly every examined tissue type including neural, endocrine, endothelial, immune, and muscle, suggesting it could be a novel and pharmacological target for several types of disorders. Despite this, the bulk of research on the 5-HT2A receptor is focused on its role in the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, activation of 5-HT2A receptors has emerged as a new anti-inflammatory strategy. This review will describe recent findings regarding psychedelics as anti-inflammatory compounds, as well as parse out differences in functional selectivity and immune regulation that exist between a number of well-known hallucinogenic compounds.

Application of machine learning and complex network measures to an EEG dataset from ayahuasca experiments

Abstract: Ayahuasca is made from a mixture of Amazonian herbs and has been used for a few hundred years by the people of this region for traditional medicine. In addition, this plant has been shown to be a potential treatment for various neurological and psychiatric disorders. EEG experiments have found specific brain regions that changed significantly due to ayahuasca. Here, we used an EEG dataset to investigate the ability to automatically detect changes in brain activity using machine learning and complex networks. Machine learning was applied at three different levels of data abstraction: (A) the raw EEG time series, (B) the correlation of the EEG time series, and (C) the complex network measures calculated from (B). As a result, the machine learning method was able to automatically detect changes in brain activity, with case (B) showing the highest accuracy (92%), followed by (A) (88%) and (C) (83%), indicating that connectivity changes between brain regions are more important than connectivity changes within brain regions. The most activated areas were the frontal and temporal lobe, which is consistent with the literature. In terms of brain connections, the correlation between F3 and PO4 was the most important. This connection may point to a cognitive process similar to face recognition in individuals during ayahuasca-mediated visual hallucinations. Furthermore, closeness centrality and assortativity were the most important complex network measures. These two measures are also associated with diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, indicating a possible therapeutic mechanism. Overall, our results showed that machine learning methods were able to automatically detect changes in brain activity during ayahuasca consumption. The results also suggest that the application of machine learning and complex network measurements are useful methods to study the effects of ayahuasca on brain activity and medical use.