Marina Vujnovic

Bio: Marina Vujnovic is an academic researcher from University of Iowa. The author has contributed to research in topics: Journalism & Citizen journalism. The author has an hindex of 10, co-authored 18 publications receiving 1318 citations.

PARTICIPATORY JOURNALISM PRACTICES IN THE MEDIA AND BEYOND An international comparative study of initiatives in online newspapers

Abstract: This article is a contribution to the debate on audience participation in online media with a twofold aim: (1) making conceptual sense of the phenomenon of participatory journalism in the framework of journalism research, and (2) determining the forms that it is taking in eight European countries and the United States. First, participatory journalism is considered in the context of the historical evolution of public communication. A methodological strategy for systematically analysing citizen participation opportunities in the media is then proposed and applied. A sample of 16 online newspapers offers preliminary data that suggest news organisations are interpreting online user participation mainly as an opportunity for their readers to debate current events, while other stages of the news production process are closed to citizen involvement or controlled by professional journalists when participation is allowed. However, different strategies exist among the studied sample, and contextual factors should b...

Participatory Journalism: Guarding Open Gates at Online Newspapers

Abstract: Notes on Authors Acknowledgements Authors' Note Chapter 1: Introduction: Sharing the Road Part I: The Impact of Participatory Journalism Chapter 2: Mechanisms of Participation: How audience options shape the conversation (Alfred Hermida) Chapter 3: The Journalist s Relationship with Users: New dimensions to conventional roles (Ari Heinonen) Part II: Managing Change Chapter 4: Inside the Newsroom: Journalists' motivations and organizational structures (Steve Paulussen) Chapter 5: Managing Audience Participation: Practices, workfl ows and strategies (David Domingo) Chapter 6: User Comments: The transformation of participatory space (Zvi Reich) Part III: Issues and Implications Chapter 7: Taking Responsibility: Legal and ethical issues in participatory journalism (Jane B Singer) Chapter 8: Participatory Journalism in the Marketplace: Economic motivations behind the practices (Marina Vujnovic) Chapter 9: Understanding a New Phenomenon: The signifi cance of participatory journalism (Thorsten Quandt) Chapter 10: Fluid Spaces, Fluid Journalism: The role of the "active recipient" in participatory journalism (Alfred Hermida) Appendix: About Our Study Glossary References Index

Exploring the political-economic factors of participatory journalism

Abstract: This comparative study of user-generated content (UGC) in 10 Western democracies examines the political economic aspects of citizen participation in online media, as assessed by journalists who work with this content. Drawing on interviews with more than 60 journalists, we explore their perceived economic motivations for an ongoing redefinition of traditional journalistic roles, as UGC becomes an increasingly dominant feature of news websites.

Exploring the Political-Economic Factors Of Participatory Journalism

Abstract: This comparative study of user-generated content (UGC) in 10 Western democracies examines the political economic aspects of citizen participation in online media, as assessed by journalists who work with this content Drawing on interviews with more than 60 journalists, we explore their perceived economic motivations for an ongoing redefinition of traditional journalistic roles, as UGC becomes an increasingly dominant feature of news websites

Public relations, not propaganda, for US public diplomacy in a post-9/11 world: Challenges and

Abstract: While propaganda was central to U.S. public diplomacy in earlier times, and remains central today, the United States must now practice true public diplomacy, which should rely, not only on political theory and the theories of international relations, but also on theories and models of public relations that are based on two-way symmetrical communication and community-building. A propaganda model centers the United States at the hub of the global milieu in its relationships with other nations, i.e., a diplomatic worldview in which the 'spokes' of America's communication and relationships radiate outward to satellites of stakeholders; in contrast, the United States is not centered so self- importantly in a community-building model. Rather, this model recognizes that America is only one part of a global social system. America's public diplomacy must recognize that the United States' global constituents are 'publics,' not 'markets,' and that an effective public diplomacy model must be one that is not propaganda or market-oriented advocacy, but one that is based on two-way symmetrical communication and community-building.

The Revolutions Were Tweeted: Information Flows During the 2011 Tunisian and Egyptian Revolutions

Abstract: Copyright © 2011 (Gilad Lotan, giladlotan@gmail.com; Erhardt Graeff, erhardt@webecologyproject.org; Mike Ananny, mananny@microsoft.com; Devin Gaffney, devin@webeconologyproject.org; Ian Pearce, ian@webeconologyproject.org; danah boyd, dmb@microsoft.com). Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd). Available at http://ijoc.org. The Revolutions Were Tweeted: Information Flows During the 2011 Tunisian and Egyptian Revolutions

What is news? News values revisited (again)

Abstract: The deceptively simple question “What is news?” remains pertinent even as we ponder the future of journalism in the digital age. This article examines news values within mainstream journalism and considers the extent to which news values may be changing since earlier landmark studies were undertaken. Its starting point is Harcup and O’Neill’s widely-cited 2001 updating of Galtung and Ruge’s influential 1965 taxonomy of news values. Just as that study put Galtung and Ruge’s criteria to the test with an empirical content analysis of published news, this new study explores the extent to which Harcup and O’Neill’s revised list of news values remain relevant given the challenges (and opportunities) faced by journalism today, including the emergence of social media. A review of recent literature contextualises the findings of a fresh content analysis of news values within a range of UK media 15 years on from the last study. The article concludes by suggesting a revised and updated set of contemporary news values, whilst acknowledging that no taxonomy can ever explain everything.

The Elements of Journalism: What Newspeople Should Know and the Public Should Expect

Abstract: The Elements of Journalism: What Newspeople Should Know and the Public Should Expect. Bill Kovach and Tom Rosenstiel. New York: Crown Publishers, 2001. 205 pp. $20 hbk. Inherent in the behavior and process we call "journalism" is controversy. Journalism's inexact, less-than-scientific character almost assures it will occasionally enter a crisis, becoming awash in change, its self-identity threatened or its credibility challenged. Just as naturally, we can depend on someone to attempt to right the ship, calm the waters, and smooth the sails. Enter The Elements of Journalism, which simply lists and details what the authors consider journalism's ten guiding principles and purpose for the enlightenment of journalists and the general public. For the former, the book serves as a Journalism 101 moral refresher: Journalism's purpose is truth, produced by those loyal to that purpose and to the citizens (not to profits). Committee of Concerned journalists Chairman Bill Kovach and Project for Excellence in journalism Director Tom Rosenstiel assert, however, that truth is not enough: There is also verification, to which they devote a chapter that's as good a reporting primer as any textbook. The authors explain "the intellectual principles of a science of reporting" gleaned from numerous discussions with and surveys of editors, journalists, and members of the public. As a CCJ member, I applaud the effort: Journalists need to be reminded of their profession's high ethical objective. Any craft-journalism included-requires a howto inventory. For the public, the book provides a glimpse into why serious journalists behave as they do; journalism has a purpose over and above selling newspapers and airtime. The lay reader discovers there is a rationale for what journalists cover and that not only is journalism a map with which to navigate society, but that good journalism strives to be accurate and comprehensive. But it is not enough to index-as the text does-all the proper characteristics. To be sure, the authors credibly explain each item. For example, they say journalists have an obligation to monitor the powerful because-as investigative reporting gets trivialized (thanks to consumer-oriented topics such as the honesty of auto brake mechanics) and challenged-journalism's function as a public forum becomes weakened, giving way to "a new wave of journalism as assertion." But as if it were Moses coming down from the Big Newsroom In The Sky, the book comes off as so many pronouncements. This is no text for a skeptic; while each element gets its due in terms of description and analysis, there is no Burning Bush-no original explanation exists for the list as a whole. By its structure, the text expects the reader to accept the idea that journalism is a recipe. The book makes a weak attempt at synthesis in the last chapter, in which the authors claim that journalists' responsibility to conscience ties all the other elements together. On its face, this makes sense: For example, what journalist would not say his or her conscience is the reason for his or her search (via journalism) for truth? But the final chapter does not engage in such analytical application of the elements, choosing instead to elaborate on the role of conscience in newsrooms and the threat certain newsroom cultures pose against individual conscience. …

THE TENSION BETWEEN PROFESSIONAL CONTROL AND OPEN PARTICIPATION: Journalism and its boundaries

Abstract: Amid growing difficulties for professionals generally, media workers in particular are negotiating the increasingly contested boundary space between producers and users in the digital environment. This article, based on a review of the academic literature, explores that larger tension transforming the creative industries by extrapolating from the case of journalism – namely, the ongoing tension between professional control and open participation in the news process. Firstly, the sociology of professions, with its emphasis on boundary maintenance, is used to examine journalism as boundary work, profession, and ideology – each contributing to the formation of journalism's professional logic of control over content. Secondly, by considering the affordances and cultures of digital technologies, the article articulates open participation and its ideology. Thirdly, and against this backdrop of ideological incompatibility, a review of empirical literature finds that journalists have struggled to reconcile this k...