An Introduction to MultiAgent Systems.

Sea wave energy is being increasingly regarded in many countries as a major and promising resource. The paper deals with the development of wave energy utilization since the 1970s. Several topics are addressed: the characterization of the wave energy resource; theoretical background, with especial relevance to hydrodynamics of wave energy absorption and control; how a large range of devices kept being proposed and studied, and how such devices can be organized into classes; the conception, design, model-testing, construction and deployment into real sea of prototypes; and the development of specific equipment (air and water turbines, high-pressure hydraulics, linear electrical generators) and mooring systems.

Wave energy utilization: A review of the technologies

Networked control systems (NCSs) have been one of the main research focuses in academia as well as in industry for many decades and have become a multidisciplinary area. With these growing research trends, it is important to consolidate the latest knowledge and information to keep up with the research needs. In this paper, the NCS and its different forms are introduced and discussed. The beginning of this paper discusses the history and evolution of NCSs. The next part of this paper focuses on different fields and research arenas such as networking technology, network delay, network resource allocation, scheduling, network security in real-time NCSs, integration of components on a network, fault tolerance, etc. A brief literature survey and possible future direction concerning each topic is included.

Networked Control System: Overview and Research Trends

With the recent sharp increases in the price of oil, issues of security of supply, and pressure to honor greenhouse gas emission limits (e.g., the Kyoto protocol), much attention has turned to renewable energy sources to fulfill future increasing energy needs. Wind energy, now a mature technology, has had considerable proliferation, with other sources, such as biomass, solar, and tidal, enjoying somewhat less deployment. Waves provide previously untapped energy potential, and wave energy has been shown to have some favorable variability properties (a perennial issue with many renewables, especially wind), especially when combined with wind energy [1].

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Energy-Maximizing Control of Wave-Energy Converters: The Development of Control System Technology to Optimize Their Operation

One of the most abundant energy sources exists in this world is the ocean wave energy. By far, it has shown to be the most clean, renewable, predicted energy and has raised the potential to compete with the current use of non-renewable energy sources. Recent research conducted on wave energy invention has opened a new dimension to slowly reduce the dependency on fossil fuel by introducing new technology on the renewable world but relatively lacking in economical aspect. This review brings the latest status on integration of wave energy device with other marine facilities, which is the breakwater structure that may possibly aid to cost sharing. Most researches done on this field highlighted countries experiencing rough sea condition and focused less on countries with medium wave condition as faced by the Asian continent. The potential for energy extraction and wave dissipation for medium wave condition will be discussed in this review by considering several aspects including reliability, effectiveness and performance. Finally, this review shows that the integration opens up a new dimension to acknowledge the technology harnessing ocean wave, especially for the Asian countries experiencing medium wave condition.

Wave energy device and breakwater integration: A review

https://repositorio.ipl.pt/bitstream/10400.21/11030/4/Experimental_MJGCMendes.pdf

Experimental analysis of wave energy converters concentrically attached on a floating offshore platform

Identification and control of the AWS using neural network models

The Archimedes wave swing (AWS) is a a fully- submerged wave energy converter (WEC), that is to say, a device that converts the kinetic energy of sea waves into electricity. A first prototype of the AWS has already been built and tested. This paper presents simulation results of the performance of several control strategies applied to this device, including PID control, reactive control, phase and amplitude control, latching control, feedback linearisation control, internal model control, switching control, and combinations thereof. Linear, white-box nonlinear, and neural network models were employed. Significant (above threefold) increases in yearly energy production were found to be possible with properly designed control strategies.

/pdf/comparison-of-control-strategies-performance-for-a-wave-10xi1lm4y1.pdf

Comparison of control strategies performance for a Wave Energy Converter

This paper addresses the control of the Archimedes Wave Swing, a fully-submerged Wave Energy Converter (WEC), of which a prototype has already been built and tested. Simulation results are presented in which Internal Model Control (IMC) is used, both with linear models and with non-linear neural network (NN) models. To the best of our knowledge this is the rst time NN-based control is being applied to design a controller for a WEC. NNs are a mathematical tool suitable to model the behaviour of dynamic systems, both linear and non-linear (as in our case). Signicant absorbed wave energy increases were found, both using linear models and NNs. Results were better when IMC with NNs was employed (with a nearly sixfold increase against a vefold increase), except for the MayoSeptember period, when IMC with linear models performs better.

/pdf/control-of-the-archimedes-wave-swing-using-neural-networks-f81glic1aa.pdf

Control of the archimedes wave swing using neural networks

Industrial distributed networked control systems use different communication networks to exchange different critical levels of information. Real-time control, fault diagnosis (FDI) and Fault Tolerant Networked Control (FTNC) systems demand one of the more stringent data exchange in the communication networks of these networked control systems (NCS). When dealing with large-scale complex NCS, designing FTNC systems is a very difficult task due to the large number of sensors and actuators spatially distributed and network connected. To solve this issue, a FTNC platform and toolbox are presented in this paper using simple and verifiable principles coming mainly from a decentralized design based on causal modelling partitioning of the NCS and distributed computing using multi-agent systems paradigm, allowing the use of agents with well established FTC methodologies or new ones developed taking into account the NCS specificities. The multi-agent platform and toolbox for FTNC systems have been built in Matlab/Simulink environment, which is in our days the scientific benchmark for this kind of research. Although the tests have been performed with a simple case, the results are promising and this approach is expected to succeed with more complex processes.

Mário J. G. C. Mendes

Papers

Experimental analysis of wave energy converters concentrically attached on a floating offshore platform

Identification and control of the AWS using neural network models

Comparison of control strategies performance for a Wave Energy Converter

Control of the archimedes wave swing using neural networks

Multi-agent Platform and Toolbox for Fault Tolerant Networked Control Systems