Showing papers by "Mark E. Cooper published in 1986"

Accelerated progression of diabetic nephropathy in the spontaneously hypertensive streptozotocin diabetic rat.

Abstract: SUMMARY 1. Streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetes was induced in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats with their litter mates serving as controls. The animals were studied for 6 months and blood pressure, weight, urinary and serum glucose, creatinine clearance, total proteinuria and albuminuria were measured monthly. 2. With induction of diabetes, there was a significant rise in creatinine clearance in the hypertensive diabetic animals (SHR-STZ). SHR-STZ (n= 6) developed higher levels of total proteinuria than WKY-STZ (n= 5) although the rise from basal levels was only apparent after 20 weeks of diabetes. All SHR-STZ developed albustix positive proteinuria after 6 months of diabetes. 3. In the first 12 weeks after onset of diabetes, albuminuria increased to a greater degree in SHR-STZ than in WKY-STZ. This occurred before there was a detectable rise in total proteinuria. 4. The SHR-STZ model of genetic hypertension and diabetes may be suitable for the evaluation of antihypertensive therapy in human diabetic renal disease.

Low serum C4 concentrations and microangiopathy in type I and type II diabetes.

Abstract: hospitals were attributed to publicity about overuse.4 In our hospital use of chest radiography has fallen by 55% since the first survey. That appropriate use has been sustained or improved is suggested by a small increase in the proportion of patients admitted with an abnormal chest x ray film. The increased proportion of examinations showing significant abnormality from 90/o to 24% suggests a reduction in routine or screening radiography. The findings suggest that in adult psychiatry chest radiography should be used when there is clinical evidence ofcardiothoracic disease or unexplained failure of an episode of mental illness to remit, and screening should be confined to alcoholism. ' A reduction of 51% in the use of skull radiography occurred after guidelines were issued to junior staff assessing head injuries.5 In our hospital the use of skull radiography has fallen by 42% since the first survey. All patients with an abnormality on computed tomography showed normal results on skull radiography. Skull radiography is thus not useful in adult psychiatry. The use of computed tomography increased from 0-8% to 3-3% of admissions. The proportion ofabnormal results increased from 31% to 36%, suggesting that clinical judgment is improving. Abnormal radiological findings were confined to patients with clinical evidence of organic brain disease. Prolonged or atypical affective psychoses accounted for most normal scans. The findings suggest that in adult psychiatry computed tomography is of value only when there are symptoms or signs of neurological disease.

Nuclear scanning in the diagnosis and localization of parathyroid adenomas.

Abstract: Technetium-thallium nuclear scanning was performed in 17 patients whose clinical and biochemical findings were suggestive of the presence of hyperparathyroidism. An adenoma was located by scanning in 12 patients. Ten of these 12 patients underwent surgery; the scan had located the adenoma correctly in all these patients. One patient with a negative result of a scan examination subsequently had an adenoma removed at operation. Thyroid pathology interfered with the interpretation of the scan. This technique is recommended as a useful preoperative procedure for the detection of parathyroid adenomas, and its role in the rapid evaluation of hypercalcaemia seems promising. A prospective study to compare the sensitivity and specificity of this technique with computerized tomographic scanning and ultrasound is warranted.