Showing papers by "Mark E. Cooper published in 1989"
TL;DR: To determine whether premenopausal daughters of women with postmenopausal osteoporosis have lower bone mass than other women of the same age, the bone mineral content of the lumps were measured.
Abstract: To determine whether premenopausal daughters of women with postmenopausal osteoporosis have lower bone mass than other women of the same age, we measured the bone mineral content of the lu...
591 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that daughters of women with osteoporosis have reduced bone mass in the lumbar spine and perhaps in the femoral neck; this reduction in bone mass may put them at increased risk for fractures.
296 citations
TL;DR: Enalapril retards the development of glomerular basement membrane thickening and albuminuria in the rat, in the presence or absence of hypertension.
Abstract: This study has evaluated the effects of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor Enalapril on glomerular ultrastructure and albuminuria in normotensive and hypertensive diabetic rats. Streptozotocin-diabetes was induced in Wistar Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Enalapril was administered in drinking water in diabetic normotensive, control hypertensive and diabetic hypertensive rats. Enalapril therapy prevented an increase in glomerular basement membrane thickness in diabetic normotensive, control hypertensive and diabetic hypertensive rats without any significant effect on fractional mesangial volume. Enalapril decreased albuminuria in diabetic normotensive, control hypertensive and diabetic hypertensive rats. Thus, enalapril retards the development of glomerular basement membrane thickening and albuminuria in the rat, in the presence or absence of hypertension.
61 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that the selectivity of proteinuria undergoes a triphasic change with the development of diabetic nephropathy, as shown in Type 2 diabetic patients with macroalbuminuria, where there is a return to non‐selective proteinuria.
Abstract: Two indices of the selectivity of proteinuria, the immunoglobulin G (IgG)/albumin and the IgG/transferrin clearance ratios, were studied cross-sectionally and serially over 7 years in a cohort of 52 Type 1 and 60 Type 2 diabetic patients without established diabetic nephropathy. In Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic patients with albuminuria less than 30 micrograms min-1, both protein clearance ratios were significantly higher than in 27 control subjects. As albuminuria increased, there was a decrease in both protein clearance ratios. However, at albumin clearances above 90 nl s-1, equivalent to albumin excretion rates of greater than 250 micrograms min-1, a positive correlation was found in Type 2 diabetic patients between protein clearance ratios and albuminuria. In individual Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic patients with progressively increasing proteinuria, serial measurements of selectivity showed a decline in both protein clearance ratios with the onset of microalbuminuria. Episodes of transient microalbuminuria were also associated with a fall in the IgG/albumin clearance ratio. The results suggest that the selectivity of proteinuria undergoes a triphasic change with the development of diabetic nephropathy. In the first phase, proteinuria is non-selective with IgG clearance equal to or exceeding transferrin or albumin clearance. As microalbuminuria develops, there is a progressive increase in selectivity reflecting the preferential excretion of transferrin and albumin compared with IgG. In later stages of nephropathy, as shown in Type 2 diabetic patients with macroalbuminuria, there is a return to non-selective proteinuria.
34 citations
TL;DR: In Type I diabetics, intermittent microalbuminuria was associated with higher levels of urinary urea excretion, raising the possibility that increased protein intake may participate in the development of nephropathy in Type I diabetes.
10 citations
01 Feb 1989
5 citations
TL;DR: Streptozotocin diabetes was induced in Wistar‐Kyoto rats fed a 50% protein diet and urinary albumin excretion was measured every 8 weeks.
Abstract: 1. Streptozotocin diabetes was induced in Wistar-Kyoto rats fed a 50% protein diet. Animals were randomized to receive either the ACE inhibitor ramipril, 1 mg/L in drinking water (n = 7), or no treatment (n = 7) and were studied for 6 months. Blood glucose, body weight and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were measured at 0, 1, 4, 8 and 16 weeks of diabetes and urinary albumin excretion was measured every 8 weeks. 2. In both groups, GFR increased significantly within 1 week of induction of diabetes (P less than 0.001) and thereafter remained stable. There was no difference in GFR between the treated and untreated groups. 3. Urinary albumin excretion increased progressively in both groups throughout the study. Ramipril treatment reduced albuminuria by approximately 50% at weeks 16 and 24 (P less than 0.01). 4. The amelioration of diabetic albuminuria by ACE inhibition, in the setting of high dietary protein intake, may have important implications for the treatment of human diabetic nephropathy.
5 citations
01 Jan 1989
2 citations