A polymeric encapsulated fragrance is disclosed which is suitable for use in personal care and cleaning products In a preferred embodiment of the invention the fragrance is encapsulated by a first polymer material to form a fragrance encapsulated polymer, the polymer encapsulated shell is then coated with a cationic polymer, preferably a cationic starch and guar

Encapsulated fragrance chemicals

Studying illicit drug trafficking on Darknet markets: structure and organisation from a Canadian perspective

Compositions and method for destroying biological agents such as toxins are provided wherein the substance to be destroyed is contacted with finely divided metal oxide nanocrystals. In various embodiments, the metal oxide nanocrystals have reactive atoms stabilized on their surfaces, species adsorbed on their surfaces, or are coated with a second metal oxide. The desired metal oxide nanocrystals can be pressed into pellets for use when a powder is not feasible. The methods of the invention are safe for humans, equipment, and the environment, and provide for decontamination of warfare sites, of equipment exposed to the contaminant, and of soil, water, and air having been exposed to the contaminant. Preferred metal oxides for the methods include MgO, CaO, TiO2, ZrO2, FeO, V2O3, V2O5, MN2O3, Fe2O3, NiO, CuO, Al2O3, ZnO, and mixtures thereof. Preferred coating metal oxides include oxides of metals selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Fe, Cu, Ni, Co, Mn, Zn, and mixtures thereof. Preferred reactive atoms include halogens and Group I metals, and preferred species include SO2, NO2, and ozone.

Reactive nanoparticles as destructive adsorbents for biological and chemical contamination

The use of geoscience methods for terrestrial forensic searches

Soils and sustainable development goals of the United Nations: An International Union of Soil Sciences perspective

Historically police searches for homicide victims’ graves have been undertaken by the use of large numbers of police, military and public volunteers, conducting visual or manual probe line searches covering formalised gridded sectored areas. Speculative digging of large areas of ground has also been employed with variable success. Mineral exploration geologists, engineering geologists and geohazards specialists traditionally investigate the ground using a range of methods and techniques. Before such ground investigations are undertaken, a conceptual geological model of the ground is developed. This provides information on, for example: tectonic setting, stratigraphy, lithology, structure, hydrogeology, hydrology, groundwater, hydrochemistry, superficial deposits, principal soil types, depth to bedrock, nature of bedrock interface, engineering and physical properties of the ground, geomorphological processes, mining, past land use, current land use, geological hazards and man’s influences. In a similar way, the properties of a buried or concealed body may also be determined and how in particular these have influenced the geology. This provides estimates of the target’s age, size, and geometry, expected depth of burial, time and duration of burial, state of preservation or decomposition, physical, chemical, hydrogeological and geotechnical variations compared to the surrounding ground. An understating of the undisturbed (pre-burial) and disturbed (post-burial) geology and the target (body and associated objects) properties are crucial before the correct search strategy and choice of instrumentation may be decided, and the optimum method of deployment identified. These may include M. Harrison National Policing Improvement Agency, Wyboston Lakes, Great North Road, Wyboston, Bedfordshire MK443AL and School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK L.J. Donnelly(*ü ) Halcrow Group Ltd., Deanway Technology Centre, Wilmslow Road, Handforth, Cheshire, SK9 3FB, UK e-mail: DonnellyLJ@Halcrow.com K. Ritz et al. (eds.), Criminal and Environmental Soil Forensics 197 © Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2009 198 M. Harrison and L.J. Donnelly geophysics, geochemistry, satellite imagery, air photo interpretation and invasive methods (such as auguring, drilling, trial pitting and trenching). Geological investigative techniques are applicable to law enforcement searches, since the underlying search philosophy, concepts and principles are similar. That is, there is a buried/ concealed ‘object’ or ‘target’ desirable to be found. The most important services a geologist can give the police and a law enforcement search strategist are: the production of a geological model of a potential grave site, an understanding of the geological and geomorphological processes, the characterisation and understanding of the origin, source and properties of the soils, rocks and target (body), and a choice of detecting methods. For the geologist (and other subject matter experts) to be effectively incorporated into a search team, he/she must be an effective communicator of complex geological (scientific) terminology, recognise the limitations of his/ her skills and capabilities and be aware of the boundaries and interface with other subject matter forensic experts. The principal objective of this chapter is to describe the effective and efficient processes to locate concealed victims of homicide. It also seeks to show how the combined skills and expertise of law enforcement and geoforensic search specialists enable the ground in the vicinity of homicide graves to be better understood and more professionally searched.

Locating concealed homicide victims; developing the role of Geoforensics

Establishing forensic search methodologies and geophysical surveying for the detection of clandestine graves in coastal beach environments.

A method of counteracting or neutralising airborne malodour comprising directing at the source of the malodour liquid droplets from a spray device containing a malodour counteracting composition, the method comprising imparting a unipolar charge to the said liquid droplets by double layer charging during the spraying of the liquid droplets by the spray device, the unipolar charge being at a level such that the said droplets have a charge to mass ratio of at least +/- 1 x 10-4 C/kg.

Malodour counteracting treatment

Geomorphological and geoforensic interpretation of maps, aerial imagery, conditions of diggability and the colour-coded RAG prioritization system in searches for criminal burials

Mark Harrison

Papers

The use of geoscience methods for terrestrial forensic searches

Locating concealed homicide victims; developing the role of Geoforensics

Establishing forensic search methodologies and geophysical surveying for the detection of clandestine graves in coastal beach environments.

Malodour counteracting treatment

Geomorphological and geoforensic interpretation of maps, aerial imagery, conditions of diggability and the colour-coded RAG prioritization system in searches for criminal burials