(1991). Applied Linear Regression Models. Journal of Quality Technology: Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 76-77.

Applied Linear Regression Models

Death is the new sex, last great taboo in Western society and Western medicine, as Richard Smith discusses in his editorial (p 129). In the trinity of births, marriages, and deaths, only death does not have glossy magazines devoted to stylish consumption at the attendant ceremonies. On the web, of course, …

Death and dying

Legitimacy is a psychological property of an authority, institution, or social arrangement that leads those connected to it to believe that it is appropriate, proper, and just. Because of legitimacy, people feel that they ought to defer to decisions and rules, following them voluntarily out of obligation rather than out of fear of punishment or anticipation of reward. Being legitimate is important to the success of authorities, institutions, and institutional arrangements since it is difficult to exert influence over others based solely upon the possession and use of power. Being able to gain voluntary acquiescence from most people, most of the time, due to their sense of obligation increases effectiveness during periods of scarcity, crisis, and conflict. The concept of legitimacy has a long history within social thought and social psychology, and it has emerged as increasingly important within recent research on the dynamics of political, legal, and social systems.

Psychological perspectives on legitimacy and legitimation.

As an alternative to traditional juvenile courts, juvenile drug courts attempt to provide substance abuse treatment, sanctions, and incentives to rehabilitate nonviolent drug-involved youth, empower families to support them in this process, and prevent recidivism. The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) sponsored a multisite study of juvenile drug courts to examine the ability of these courts to reduce recidivism and improve youth’s social functioning, and to determine whether these programs use evidence-based practices in their treatment services. This bulletin provides an overview of the findings.

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Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention

Previous meta-analyses have identified many effective interventions for reducing the recidivism of juvenile offenders and various program factors that are associated with the best outcomes. Most of that work has been focused on only one intervention area and thus has limited scope. Notable exceptions are two relatively comprehensive meta-analyses that have identified a small number of factors or principles that appear to characterize the most effective programs. This paper presents a new analysis of data from one of those meta-analyses designed to test a broader range of intervention factors in a manner that allows identification of both the general principles and the distinct intervention types associated with the greatest reductions in recidivism. Only three factors emerged as major correlates of program effectiveness: a “therapeutic” intervention philosophy, serving high risk offenders, and quality of implementation. With other variables statistically controlled, relatively few differences wer...

The Primary Factors that Characterize Effective Interventions with Juvenile Offenders: A Meta-Analytic Overview

Victim Meets Offender: The Impact of Restorative Justice and Mediation

Although juvenile courts have always administered punishment to youthful offenders, parens patriae and the individual treatment mission have historically assigned an ambivalent role to sanctioning. In the absence of a coherent sanctioning framework, a punitive model has recently gained dominance over dispositional decision making in juvenile court. This article examines the limitations of sanctioning choices presented by both the individual treatment mission and what some have referred to as a “retributive justice” paradigm. We then consider the implications of an alternative model—restorative justice—as a framework for a new approach to sanctioning consistent with a revitalized juvenile justice mandate.

Rethinking the Sanctioning Function in Juvenile Court: Retributive or Restorative Responses to Youth Crime

Foreword by Marlene Young. Introduction: Restorative Justice Through Victim Offender Mediation. PHILOSOPHY, PRACTICE, AND CONTEXT. Humanistic Mediation: A Transformative Journey of Peacemaking. Guidelines for Victim-Sensitive Mediation and Dialogue with Offenders. The Mediation Process: Phases and Tasks. Multicultural Implications of Victim Offender Mediation. Case Studies. National Survey of Victim Offender Mediation Programs. Program Development Issues. WHAT WE ARE LEARNING FROM RESEARCH. The Impact of Victim Offender Mediation: Two Decades of Research. Cross-National Assessment of Victim Offender Mediation. Victim Offender Mediation in the United States: A Multisite Assessment. Victim Offender Mediation in Canada: A Multisite Assessment. Victim Offender Mediation in England: A Multisite Assessment. EMERGING ISSUES. Advanced Mediation and Dialogue in Crimes of Severe Violence. Potential Hazards and Opportunities. Appendix A. Resources: Organizations, Publications, Videotapes. Appendix B. Directory of VOM Programs in the United States. Appendix C. Program Profiles. Appendix D. Promising Practices and Innovations. Appendix E. Summary of Forty VOM Empirical Studies. Appendix F. Assessing Participant Satisfaction with VOM. References. Index.

The Handbook of Victim Offender Mediation: An Essential Guide to Practice and Research

The relatively new and emerging practice theory of restorative justice emphasizes the need to provide opportunities for those most directly affected by crime (victims, communities, and offenders) to be directly involved in responding to the impact of crime and restoring the losses incurred by victims. Victim-offender mediation, a process which allows crime victims to meet fact-to-face with the offender to talk about the impact of the crime and to develop a restitution plan, is the oldest and most empirically grounded restorative justice intervention. This article reports on a study of victim-offender mediation in four sites with juvenile offenders and their victims, along with related studies. High levels of victim and offender satisfaction with the mediation process have been found, along with high successful restitution completion rates and reduced fear among crime victims.

Mark S. Umbreit

Papers

Victim Meets Offender: The Impact of Restorative Justice and Mediation

Rethinking the Sanctioning Function in Juvenile Court: Retributive or Restorative Responses to Youth Crime

The Handbook of Victim Offender Mediation: An Essential Guide to Practice and Research

Restorative justice through victim offender mediation: A multi-site assessment

Victim‐offender mediation: Three decades of practice and research