Mark Wardman

Bio: Mark Wardman is an academic researcher from University of Leeds. The author has contributed to research in topics: Demand forecasting & Value of time. The author has an hindex of 37, co-authored 160 publications receiving 7227 citations.

The demand for public transport: a practical guide

Abstract: The guide, produced by a consortium comprising TRL and partners from academia and the commercial transport industry, on behalf of the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) describes how various factors influence the demand for public transport. The new guide updates the 1980 TRL publication ?The Demand for Public Transport? and should provide a vital reference source to key stakeholders, such as public transport operators and central and local government. In 1980 the then Transport and Road Research Laboratory, now TRL, published the original international collaborative report which for over twenty years has been the seminal piece of work on demand evaluation in setting out the factors affecting public transport patronage at the time. However the values of many of the parameters under consideration have changed, new methodologies and concepts have emerged and the institutional, socio-economic, environmental and legal framework is substantially different. In reviewing the publication, TRL worked with science based partners, the Transport Studies Unit - University of Oxford ; Institute for Transport Studies - University of Leeds ; Transport Studies Group - University of Westminster and the Centre for Transport Studies - University College London. Industrial based support came from The Association of Train Operating Companies, the Confederation of Passenger Transport, the Rees Jeffreys Road Fund, the Greater Manchester Public Transport Executive and public transport operators. Analysis and research by using primary and secondary data sources on the factors influencing the demand for public transport was pursued to produce a document that assists in identifying cost-effective schemes for improving services. The project involved the identification of data sources and initial analysis of overall trends in the bus and rail industries in Britain , and the analysis of the effects of fares, service quality, incomes, car ownership, land use, population, employment and wider transport policies on public transport demand.

Estimation of the determinants of bicycle mode share for the journey to work using census data

Abstract: A model is presented that relates the proportion of bicycle journeys to work for English and Welsh electoral wards to relevant socio-economic, transport and physical variables. A number of previous studies have exploited existing disaggregate data sets. This study uses UK 2001 census data, is based on a logistic regression model and provides complementary evidence based on aggregate data for the determinants of cycle choice. It suggests a saturation level for bicycle use of 43%. Smaller proportions cycle in wards with more females and higher car ownership. The physical condition of the highway, rainfall and temperature each have an effect on the proportion that cycles to work, but the most significant physical variable is hilliness. The proportion of bicycle route that is off-road is shown to be significant, although it displays a low elasticity (+0.049) and this contrasts with more significant changes usually forecast by models constructed from stated preference based data. Forecasting shows the trend in car ownership has a significant effect on cycle use and offsets the positive effect of the provision of off-road routes for cycle traffic but only in districts that are moderately hilly or hilly. The provision of infrastructure alone appears insufficient to engender higher levels of cycling.

A review of british evidence on time and service quality valuations

Abstract: A large amount of evidence has been amassed in Great Britain on the values of time and a wide range of service quality attributes This paper reports meta-analysis of a large number of valuations of these attributes, including in-vehicle time, walk time, wait time, service headway, interchange, departure time adjustments, search time, late time and time spent in congested traffic conditions This analysis yields insights into methodological issues, supports the appraisal of widely used conventions, can be used to provide estimated valuations for situations where none exist, and allows the assessment of particular findings against a large body of empirical evidence The research findings challenge several conventions and provide a number of practical recommendations regarding the valuations of time and service quality to use in appraisal and areas for future research

The economics of urban transportation

Abstract: 1 Introduction 2 Travel Demand 3 Costs 4 Pricing 5 Investment 6 Industrial Organization of Transportation Providers 7 Conclusion