Marko Hännikäinen

Bio: Marko Hännikäinen is an academic researcher from Tampere University of Technology. The author has contributed to research in topics: Wireless sensor network & Wireless network. The author has an hindex of 27, co-authored 128 publications receiving 3061 citations.

Tool-aided design and implementation of indoor surveillance wireless sensor network

Abstract: This paper presents the design and implementation of an indoor surveillance Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) using tools for hastening and facilitating the different phases in the WSN development. First, the application case is described in WISENES (WIreless SEnsor NEtwork Simulator) framework by four models, which define application, communication, node, and environment. WISENES enables a graphical design of the models combined with accurate simulations for performance evaluation. Next, surveillance application tasks and communication protocols are implemented on node platforms on top of SensorOS Operating System (OS). A congruent programming model of SensorOS allows a straightforward mapping of WISENES models to the final implementation. The evaluation of the indoor surveillance WSN implemented with Tampere University of Technology WSN (TUTWSN) protocols and platforms reaches a lifetime in order of years while still ensuring reactive operation. Further, the results show only 9.5% and 6.6% differences in simulated and measured networking delay and power consumption, respectively. Our results indicate that accurate early design phase simulations can relieve the burden of prototyping and low level implementation by a realistic configuration evaluation during design time.

Comparison of video protection methods for wireless networks

Abstract: An experimental comparison of video protection methods targeted for wireless networks is presented. Basic methods are the data partitioning, reversible variable length coding, and macroblock row interleaving as well as macroblock scattering for packet loss protection. An implementation is described, in which scalable video is protected unequally with forward error correcting codes and retransmissions. Comparisons are performed for simulated wideband code division multiple access channel, and measurements are carried out with wireless local area network, Bluetooth as well as with GSM high speed circuit switched data. For the measurements, point-to-point connections are used. The achieved video quality is examined in our real-time wireless video demonstrator. The performance is measured with peak-signal-to-noise-ratio of received video, data overhead, communication delay, number of lost video frames, and decoding frame rate. Results show that the quality of decoded video can be improved by 1 dB with transparent connections compared to connections designed for general packet data. As a conclusion, a video coding subsystem must have access to the error control in a wireless link for the best quality in varying conditions.

Network signaling channel for improving ZigBee performance in dynamic cluster-tree networks

Abstract: ZigBee is one of the most potential standardized technologies for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Yet, sufficient energy-efficiency for the lowest power WSNs is achieved only in rather static networks. This severely limits the applicability of ZigBee in outdoor and mobile applications, where operation environment is harsh and link failures are common. This paper proposes a network channel beaconing (NCB) algorithm for improving ZigBee performance in dynamic cluster-tree networks. NCB reduces the energy consumption of passive scans by dedicating one frequency channel for network beacon transmissions and by energy optimizing their transmission rate. According to an energy analysis, the power consumption of network maintenance operations reduces by 70%-76% in dynamic networks. In static networks, energy overhead is negligible. Moreover, the service time for data routing increases up to 37%. The performance of NCB is validated by ns-2 simulations. NCB can be implemented as an extension on MAC and NWK layers and it is fully compatible with ZigBee.

Video transfer control protocol for a wireless video demonstrator

Abstract: Real-time streaming video is expected to emerge as a key service in different telecommunications systems, including wireless networks. This paper presents the functionality and implementation of the wireless Video Control Protocol (VCP). The protocol has been implemented for developing the functionality for real-time video stream transmission over heterogeneous wireless network technologies. VCP is embedded into a wireless video demonstrator. The demonstrator consists of Windows NT hosts containing a real-time H.263 encoder, video stream parsing functionality, and several network connections, such as wireless LAN, Bluetooth and GSM data. The protocol contains functionality for protecting the video stream transfer and adapting different network technologies together.

Implementing a WLAN video terminal using UML and fully automated design flow

Abstract: This case study presents UML-based design and implementation of a wireless video terminal on a multiprocessor system-on-chip (SoC). The terminal comprises video encoder and WLAN communications subsystems. In this paper, we present the UML models used in designing the functionality of the subsystems as well as the architecture of the terminal hardware. We use the Koski design flow and tools for fully automated implementation of the terminal on FPGA. Measurements were performed to evaluate the performance of the FPGA implementation. Currently, fully software encoder achieves the frame rate of 3.0 fps with three 50MHz processors, which is one half of a reference C implementation. Thus, using UML and design automation reduces the performance, but we argue that this is highly accepted as we gain significant improvement in design efficiency and flexibility. The experiments with the UML-based design flow proved its suitability and competence in designing complex embedded multimedia terminals.

I and i

Abstract: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality. Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

Survey of Wireless Indoor Positioning Techniques and Systems

Abstract: Wireless indoor positioning systems have become very popular in recent years. These systems have been successfully used in many applications such as asset tracking and inventory management. This paper provides an overview of the existing wireless indoor positioning solutions and attempts to classify different techniques and systems. Three typical location estimation schemes of triangulation, scene analysis, and proximity are analyzed. We also discuss location fingerprinting in detail since it is used in most current system or solutions. We then examine a set of properties by which location systems are evaluated, and apply this evaluation method to survey a number of existing systems. Comprehensive performance comparisons including accuracy, precision, complexity, scalability, robustness, and cost are presented.

The LED block cipher

Abstract: We present a new block cipher LED. While dedicated to compact hardware implementation, and offering the smallest silicon footprint among comparable block ciphers, the cipher has been designed to simultaneously tackle three additional goals. First, we explore the role of an ultra-light (in fact non-existent) key schedule. Second, we consider the resistance of ciphers, and LED in particular, to related-key attacks: we are able to derive simple yet interesting AES-like security proofs for LED regarding related- or single-key attacks. And third, while we provide a block cipher that is very compact in hardware, we aim to maintain a reasonable performance profile for software implementation.

KATAN and KTANTAN -- A Family of Small and Efficient Hardware-Oriented Block Ciphers

Abstract: In this paper we propose a new family of very efficient hardware oriented block ciphers. The family contains six block ciphers divided into two flavors. All block ciphers share the 80-bit key size and security level. The first flavor, KATAN, is composed of three block ciphers, with 32, 48, or 64-bit block size. The second flavor, KTANTAN, contains the other three ciphers with the same block sizes, and is more compact in hardware, as the key is burnt into the device (and cannot be changed). The smallest cipher of the entire family, KTANTAN32, can be implemented in 462 GE while achieving encryption speed of 12.5 KBit/sec (at 100 KHz). KTANTAN48, which is the version we recommend for RFID tags uses 588 GE, whereas KATAN64, the largest and most flexible candidate of the family, uses 1054 GE and has a throughput of 25.1 Kbit/sec (at 100 KHz).