Author
Marlies Friese
Other affiliations: Chalmers University of Technology, Centre national de la recherche scientifique
Bio: Marlies Friese is an academic researcher from University of Queensland. The author has contributed to research in topics: Optical tweezers & Angular momentum. The author has an hindex of 16, co-authored 35 publications receiving 3540 citations. Previous affiliations of Marlies Friese include Chalmers University of Technology & Centre national de la recherche scientifique.
Papers
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TL;DR: Black or reflective particles can be trapped in the dark central minimum of a doughnut laser beam produced using a high efficiency computer generated hologram to carry angular momentum transferred from the central phase singularity beam.
Abstract: Black or reflective particles can be trapped in the dark central minimum of a doughnut laser beam produced using a high efficiency computer generated hologram. Such beams carry angular momentum due to the helical wave-front structure associated with the central phase singularity even when linearly polarized. Trapped absorptive particles spin due to absorption of this angular momentum transferred from the singularity beam. The direction of spin can be reversed by changing the sign of the singularity.
1,431 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an optical torque can be induced on microscopic birefringent particles of calcite held by optical tweezers, which can be held in three-dimensional optical traps at very high power without heating.
Abstract: Light-induced rotation of absorbing microscopic particles by transfer of angular momentum from light to the material raises the possibility of optically driven micromachines. The phenomenon has been observed using elliptically polarized laser beams1 or beams with helical phase structure2,3. But it is difficult to develop high power in such experiments because of overheating and unwanted axial forces, limiting the achievable rotation rates to a few hertz. This problem can in principle be overcome by using transparent particles, transferring angular momentum by a mechanism first observed by Beth in 19364, when he reported a tiny torque developed in a quartz ‘wave-plate’ owing to the change in polarization of transmitted light. Here we show that an optical torque can be induced on microscopic birefringent particles of calcite held by optical tweezers5. Depending on the polarization of the incident beam, the particles either become aligned with the plane of polarization (and thus can be rotated through specified angles) or spin with constant rotation frequency. Because these microscopic particles are transparent, they can be held in three-dimensional optical traps at very high power without heating, leading to rotation rates of over 350 Hz.
913 citations
TL;DR: Bringing together 44 landmark papers, "Optical Angular Momentum" offers the first comprehensive overview of the subject as it has developed and gives a definitive statement of the current status of all aspects of optical angular momentum.
Abstract: Spin angular momentum of photons and the associated polarization of light has been known for many years. However, it is only over the last decade or so that physically realizable laboratory light beams have been used to study the orbital angular momentum of light. In many respects, orbital and spin angular momentum behave in a similar manner, but they differ significantly in others. In particular, orbital angular momentum offers exciting new possibilities with respect to the optical manipulation of matter and to the study of the entanglement of photons.Bringing together 44 landmark papers, "Optical Angular Momentum" offers the first comprehensive overview of the subject as it has developed. It chronicles the first decade of this important subject and gives a definitive statement of the current status of all aspects of optical angular momentum. In each chapter, the editors include a concise introduction, putting the selected papers into context and outlining the key articles a
489 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an optically driven micromachine element is demonstrated, where optical angular momentum is transferred from a circularly polarized laser beam to a birefringent particle confined in an optical tweezers trap.
Abstract: We report on a proof of principle demonstration of an optically driven micromachine element. Optical angular momentum is transferred from a circularly polarized laser beam to a birefringent particle confined in an optical tweezers trap. The optical torque causes the particle to spin at up to 350 Hz, and this torque is harnessed to drive an optically trapped microfabricated structure. We describe a photolithographic method for producing the microstructures and show how a light driven motor could be used in a micromachine system.
213 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an optical torque can be induced on microscopic birefringent particles of calcite held by optical tweezers, which can either become aligned with the plane of polarization or spin with constant rotation frequency.
Abstract: Light-induced rotation of absorbing microscopic particles by transfer of angular momentum from light to the material raises the possibility of optically driven micromachines. The phenomenon has been observed using elliptically polarized laser beams or beams with helical phase structure. But it is difficult to develop high power in such experiments because of overheating and unwanted axial forces, limiting the achievable rotation rates to a few hertz. This problem can in principle be overcome by using transparent particles, transferring angular momentum by a mechanism first observed by Beth in 1936, when he reported a tiny torque developed in a quartz waveplate due to the change in polarization of transmitted light. Here we show that an optical torque can be induced on microscopic birefringent particles of calcite held by optical tweezers. Depending on the polarization of the incident beam, the particles either become aligned with the plane of polarization (and thus can be rotated through specified angles) or spin with constant rotation frequency. Because these microscopic particles are transparent, they can be held in three-dimensional optical traps at very high power without heating. We have observed rotation rates in excess of 350 Hz.
129 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a two-dimensional array of optical resonators with spatially varying phase response and subwavelength separation can imprint phase discontinuities on propagating light as it traverses the interface between two media.
Abstract: Conventional optical components rely on gradual phase shifts accumulated during light propagation to shape light beams. New degrees of freedom are attained by introducing abrupt phase changes over the scale of the wavelength. A two-dimensional array of optical resonators with spatially varying phase response and subwavelength separation can imprint such phase discontinuities on propagating light as it traverses the interface between two media. Anomalous reflection and refraction phenomena are observed in this regime in optically thin arrays of metallic antennas on silicon with a linear phase variation along the interface, which are in excellent agreement with generalized laws derived from Fermat’s principle. Phase discontinuities provide great flexibility in the design of light beams, as illustrated by the generation of optical vortices through use of planar designer metallic interfaces.
6,763 citations
TL;DR: This research presents the next generation of single-beam optical traps, which promise to take optical tweezers out of the laboratory and into the mainstream of manufacturing and diagnostics and even become consumer products.
Abstract: Optical tweezers use the forces exerted by a strongly focused beam of light to trap and move objects ranging in size from tens of nanometres to tens of micrometres. Since their introduction in 1986, the optical tweezer has become an important tool for research in the fields of biology, physical chemistry and soft condensed matter physics. Recent advances promise to take optical tweezers out of the laboratory and into the mainstream of manufacturing and diagnostics; they may even become consumer products. The next generation of single-beam optical traps offers revolutionary new opportunities for fundamental and applied research.
4,647 citations
TL;DR: This work demonstrates entanglement involving the spatial modes of the electromagnetic field carrying orbital angular momentum, which provides a practical route to entangled states that involves many orthogonal quantum states, rather than just two Multi-dimensional entangled states could be of considerable importance in the field of quantum information, enabling, for example, more efficient use of communication channels in quantum cryptography.
Abstract: Entangled quantum states are not separable, regardless of the spatial separation of their components This is a manifestation of an aspect of quantum mechanics known as quantum non-locality An important consequence of this is that the measurement of the state of one particle in a two-particle entangled state defines the state of the second particle instantaneously, whereas neither particle possesses its own well-defined state before the measurement Experimental realizations of entanglement have hitherto been restricted to two-state quantum systems, involving, for example, the two orthogonal polarization states of photons Here we demonstrate entanglement involving the spatial modes of the electromagnetic field carrying orbital angular momentum As these modes can be used to define an infinitely dimensional discrete Hilbert space, this approach provides a practical route to entanglement that involves many orthogonal quantum states, rather than just two Multi-dimensional entangled states could be of considerable importance in the field of quantum information, enabling, for example, more efficient use of communication channels in quantum cryptography
2,811 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that if every polarization vector rotates, the light has spin; if the phase structure rotates and if a light has orbital angular momentum (OAM), the light can be many times greater than the spin.
Abstract: As they travel through space, some light beams rotate. Such light beams have angular momentum. There are two particularly important ways in which a light beam can rotate: if every polarization vector rotates, the light has spin; if the phase structure rotates, the light has orbital angular momentum (OAM), which can be many times greater than the spin. Only in the past 20 years has it been realized that beams carrying OAM, which have an optical vortex along the axis, can be easily made in the laboratory. These light beams are able to spin microscopic objects, give rise to rotational frequency shifts, create new forms of imaging systems, and behave within nonlinear material to give new insights into quantum optics.
2,508 citations
TL;DR: These techniques are described and illustrated with examples highlighting current capabilities and limitations of single-molecule force spectroscopy.
Abstract: Single-molecule force spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful tool to investigate the forces and motions associated with biological molecules and enzymatic activity. The most common force spectroscopy techniques are optical tweezers, magnetic tweezers and atomic force microscopy. Here we describe these techniques and illustrate them with examples highlighting current capabilities and limitations.
2,155 citations