Ferroptosis: An Iron-Dependent Form of Nonapoptotic Cell Death

What do a seventeenth-century mortality table (whose causes of death include "fainted in a bath," "frighted," and "itch"); the identification of South Africans during apartheid as European, Asian, colored, or black; and the separation of machine- from hand-washables have in common? All are examples of classification -- the scaffolding of information infrastructures. In Sorting Things Out, Geoffrey C. Bowker and Susan Leigh Star explore the role of categories and standards in shaping the modern world. In a clear and lively style, they investigate a variety of classification systems, including the International Classification of Diseases, the Nursing Interventions Classification, race classification under apartheid in South Africa, and the classification of viruses and of tuberculosis. The authors emphasize the role of invisibility in the process by which classification orders human interaction. They examine how categories are made and kept invisible, and how people can change this invisibility when necessary. They also explore systems of classification as part of the built information environment. Much as an urban historian would review highway permits and zoning decisions to tell a city's story, the authors review archives of classification design to understand how decisions have been made. Sorting Things Out has a moral agenda, for each standard and category valorizes some point of view and silences another. Standards and classifications produce advantage or suffering. Jobs are made and lost; some regions benefit at the expense of others. How these choices are made and how we think about that process are at the moral and political core of this work. The book is an important empirical source for understanding the building of information infrastructures.

https://www.reciis.icict.fiocruz.br/index.php/reciis/article/download/794/1436

Sorting Things Out: Classification and Its Consequences

Molyneux, P. The use of the stable free radical diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) for estimating antioxidant activity

https://rdo.psu.ac.th/sjstweb/journal/26-2/07-DPPH.pdf

The use of the stable free radical diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (dpph) for estimating antioxidant activity

Vitamin D deficiency : a worldwide problem with health consequences

Antioxidant and radical scavenging properties of curcumin.

METHODS for measuring antioxidants and appraising antioxidant activity appear to be of two general types. If the chemical nature of the antioxidant is known, one may strive for a test specific for the compound or group of interest; for example, the nitroprusside test for sulphydryl groups. Alternatively one may observe the inhibition of some natural oxidative process such as the β-oxidation of fats, as a function of the added antioxidant.

Antioxidant Determinations by the Use of a Stable Free Radical

Information and Medicine: The Nature of Medical Descriptions

Free Radicals in Biological Systems

RECONSIDER is an interactive computer program which produces a differential diagnosis given a list of patient attributes. The program's principal knowledge base is a corpus of 3,262 disease definitions represented in the form of structured natural language text. As these definitions were originally prepared for human use, RECONSIDER uses medical knowledge that is semantically identical to an information source that might be used by a physician. Thus, RECONSIDER can explain the inclusion of a particular disease in a differential by displaying the way in which the disease's definition relates to the list of patient attributes, and by ranking the strength of this relation relative to the rest of the differential.

Use of RECONSIDER is illustrated on cases from the literature, and a case of pyruvate kinase deficiency (PK disease). Included for comparison are cases diagnosed by INTERNIST[1] and PIP[2], two well known diagnosis programs.

RECONSIDER: A Program for Generating Differential Diagnoses *

RECONSIDER, a computer program designed to perform as a diagnostic prompting aid, was evaluated for its ability to include the correct diagnosis in an ordered computed list of candidate diseases. The study was performed using 100 consecutive first admissions to the medical service of a university hospital, where the individuals entering the data into the program were blind to all but a limited set of findings known at time of admission. Each person entering the data created one or more lists of diagnostic possibilities (versions) using the program. The program suggested the correct diagnosis within the first 40 on its list 61% (498/797) of the time; the correct diagnosis was present with the first 40 in at least one version 93% (98/105) of the time. Performance was found to be best with cases having a single diagnosis and when more terms were entered into the program.

Marsden S. Blois

Papers

Antioxidant Determinations by the Use of a Stable Free Radical

Information and Medicine: The Nature of Medical Descriptions

Free Radicals in Biological Systems

RECONSIDER: A Program for Generating Differential Diagnoses *

Evaluating RECONSIDER: a computer program for diagnostic prompting