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Marta Molinas

Bio: Marta Molinas is an academic researcher from Norwegian University of Science and Technology. The author has contributed to research in topics: Electric power system & Wind power. The author has an hindex of 42, co-authored 365 publications receiving 7530 citations. Previous affiliations of Marta Molinas include University of Tsukuba & Tokyo Institute of Technology.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The most-adopted wind-turbine systems, the adopted generators, the topologies of the converters, the generator control and grid connection issues, as well as their arrangement in wind parks are reviewed.
Abstract: Multimegawatt wind-turbine systems, often organized in a wind park, are the backbone of the power generation based on renewable-energy systems. This paper reviews the most-adopted wind-turbine systems, the adopted generators, the topologies of the converters, the generator control and grid connection issues, as well as their arrangement in wind parks.

860 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a simplified analytical approach based on torque-slip characteristics is first proposed to quantify the effect of the STATCOM and the SVC on the transient stability margin.
Abstract: This paper analyzes the extent to which the low voltage ride through (LVRT) capability of wind farms using squirrel cage generators can be enhanced by the use of a STATCOM, compared to the thyristor controlled static var compensator (SVC). The transient stability margin is proposed as the indicator of LVRT capability. A simplified analytical approach based on torque-slip characteristics is first proposed to quantify the effect of the STATCOM and the SVC on the transient stability margin. Results from experiments with a STATCOM and a 7.5 kW induction machine emulating a wind turbine are used to validate the suggested analytical approach. Further verifications based on detailed time-domain simulations are also provided. Calculations, simulations and measurements confirm how the increased STATCOM rating can provide an increased transient stability margin and thus enhanced LVRT capability. Compared to the SVC, the STATCOM gives a larger contribution to the transient margin as indicated by both calculations and simulations. The inaccuracies introduced by neglecting the flux transients in the suggested approach are discussed and found reasonable for an estimation method when considering the simplicity compared to detailed time-domain simulation studies. A method for estimating the required rating of different compensation devices to ensure stability after a fault is suggested based on the same approach.

424 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that if a system is incorrectly assumed to be MFD, this will lead to an erroneous or ambiguous estimation of the equivalent impedance, and with this definition the stability estimates obtained with the generalized Nyquist criterion become equivalent in both domains.
Abstract: Representation of ac power systems by frequency-dependent impedance equivalents is an emerging technique in the dynamic analysis of power systems including power electronic converters. The technique has been applied for decades in dc-power systems, and it was recently adopted to map the impedances in ac systems. Most of the work on ac systems can be categorized into two approaches. One is the analysis of the system in the dq domain, whereas the other applies harmonic linearization in the phase domain through symmetric components. Impedance models based on analytical calculations, numerical simulation, and experimental studies have been previously developed and verified in both domains independently. The authors of previous studies discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each domain separately, but neither a rigorous comparison nor an attempt to bridge them has been conducted. This paper attempts to close this gap by deriving the mathematical formulation that shows the equivalence between the dq -domain and the sequence-domain impedances. A modified form of the sequence-domain impedance matrix is proposed, and with this definition the stability estimates obtained with the generalized Nyquist criterion become equivalent in both domains. The second contribution of this paper is the definition of a mirror frequency decoupled (MFD) system. The analysis of MFD systems is less complex than that of non-MFD systems because the positive and negative sequences are decoupled. This paper shows that if a system is incorrectly assumed to be MFD, this will lead to an erroneous or ambiguous estimation of the equivalent impedance.

307 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A regulation strategy capable of controlling the energy stored in the modular multilevel converter (MMC) in an HVDC configuration by regulating the positive, negative, and zero sequences in dqo coordinates of the differential current using two rotating reference frames.
Abstract: This paper consists of the presentation of a regulation strategy capable of controlling the energy stored in the modular multilevel converter (MMC) in an HVDC configuration. This is achieved by regulating the positive, negative, and zero sequences in dqo coordinates of the differential current using two rotating reference frames: at once and at twice the fundamental grid frequency value. The active and reactive negative sequence components of the differential current at twice the fundamental frequency are used to eliminate the oscillations of the three-phased leg energy, reducing significantly the capacitor voltage oscillations, while the zero-sequence component is used to regulate the total energy stored at a given reference. Meanwhile, active and reactive positive sequence components of the circulating current are used for eliminating the average energy difference between the upper and lower arms in a three-phase MMC. In order to decouple efficiently the differential current components, the decoupled-double-synchronous-reference-frame current control strategy is used. Finally, simulation results validate the performance of the MMC in an HVDC configuration with the proposed control. Control equations are demonstrated, and cross-coupled leg-energy terms are introduced.

261 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that both stability analysis methods can effectively determine the stability of the system and that the eigenvalue-based method cannot unambiguously predict sustained harmonic oscillations in voltage source converter (VSC) based high voltage dc (HVdc) systems caused by pulse-width modulation (PWM) switching.
Abstract: This paper investigates the small-signal stability of power electronics-based power systems in frequency domain. A comparison between the impedance-based and the eigenvalue-based stability analysis methods is presented. A relation between the characteristics equation of the eigenvalues and poles and zeros of the minor-loop gain from the impedance-based analysis have been derived analytically. It is shown that both stability analysis methods can effectively determine the stability of the system. In the case of the impedance-based method, a low phase-margin in the Nyquist plot of the minor-loop gain indicates that the system can exhibit harmonic oscillations. A weakness of the impedance method is the limited observability of certain states given its dependence on the definition of local source-load subsystems, which makes it necessary to investigate the stability at different subsystems. To address this limitation, the paper discusses critical locations where the application of the method can reveal the impact of a passive component or a controller gain on the stability. On the other hand, the eigenvalue-based method, being global, can determine the stability of the entire system; however, it cannot unambiguously predict sustained harmonic oscillations in voltage source converter (VSC) based high voltage dc (HVdc) systems caused by pulse-width modulation (PWM) switching. To generalize the observations, the two methods have been applied to dc-dc converters. To illustrate the difference and the relation between the two-methods, the two stability analysis methods are then applied to a two-terminal VSC-based HVdc system as an example of power electronics-based power systems, and the theoretical analysis has been further validated by simulation and experiments.

213 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Apr 1988-Nature
TL;DR: In this paper, a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) is presented.
Abstract: Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

9,929 citations

Posted Content
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a unified and comprehensive theory of structural time series models, including a detailed treatment of the Kalman filter for modeling economic and social time series, and address the special problems which the treatment of such series poses.
Abstract: In this book, Andrew Harvey sets out to provide a unified and comprehensive theory of structural time series models. Unlike the traditional ARIMA models, structural time series models consist explicitly of unobserved components, such as trends and seasonals, which have a direct interpretation. As a result the model selection methodology associated with structural models is much closer to econometric methodology. The link with econometrics is made even closer by the natural way in which the models can be extended to include explanatory variables and to cope with multivariate time series. From the technical point of view, state space models and the Kalman filter play a key role in the statistical treatment of structural time series models. The book includes a detailed treatment of the Kalman filter. This technique was originally developed in control engineering, but is becoming increasingly important in fields such as economics and operations research. This book is concerned primarily with modelling economic and social time series, and with addressing the special problems which the treatment of such series poses. The properties of the models and the methodological techniques used to select them are illustrated with various applications. These range from the modellling of trends and cycles in US macroeconomic time series to to an evaluation of the effects of seat belt legislation in the UK.

4,252 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the rules of the ring, the ring population, and the need to get off the ring in order to measure the movement of a cyclic clock.
Abstract: 1980 Preface * 1999 Preface * 1999 Acknowledgements * Introduction * 1 Circular Logic * 2 Phase Singularities (Screwy Results of Circular Logic) * 3 The Rules of the Ring * 4 Ring Populations * 5 Getting Off the Ring * 6 Attracting Cycles and Isochrons * 7 Measuring the Trajectories of a Circadian Clock * 8 Populations of Attractor Cycle Oscillators * 9 Excitable Kinetics and Excitable Media * 10 The Varieties of Phaseless Experience: In Which the Geometrical Orderliness of Rhythmic Organization Breaks Down in Diverse Ways * 11 The Firefly Machine 12 Energy Metabolism in Cells * 13 The Malonic Acid Reagent ('Sodium Geometrate') * 14 Electrical Rhythmicity and Excitability in Cell Membranes * 15 The Aggregation of Slime Mold Amoebae * 16 Numerical Organizing Centers * 17 Electrical Singular Filaments in the Heart Wall * 18 Pattern Formation in the Fungi * 19 Circadian Rhythms in General * 20 The Circadian Clocks of Insect Eclosion * 21 The Flower of Kalanchoe * 22 The Cell Mitotic Cycle * 23 The Female Cycle * References * Index of Names * Index of Subjects

3,424 citations

01 Sep 2010

2,148 citations