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Martin Goldway

Bio: Martin Goldway is an academic researcher from Tel-Hai Academic College. The author has contributed to research in topics: PEAR & Pyrus communis. The author has an hindex of 15, co-authored 43 publications receiving 693 citations.

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) was applied to spadona pears at different stages of ripeness, including early and mid-climacteric pears.

57 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: To identify potential fully compatible pollinators for `Spadona', additional cultivars that are being considered for introduction into the Israel pear orchard were analysed and it was discovered that `Bon Rouge', `Doctor Jill Guyot', `Forelle' and `Red Clapp' are semi-compatible and that `Lawson' is fully compatible with ` Spadona'.
Abstract: SummaryThe European pear (Pyrus communis) belongs to the Rosaceae, which carries the gametophytic self-incompatibility fertilization system (GSI). GSI is haplotype speci®c and controlled by the S-locus. The S-locus carries a multi-allelic gene that encodes for RNase (S-RNase), which is involved in executing pollen rejection in a speci®c manner. The different S-alleles also serve for molecular identi®cation of the S-haplotypes. Orchards of trees carrying GSI contain at least two cultivars, which are fertilization-compatible with each other. However, compatibility may be full when the cultivars differ in both their S-loci or partial when they share one of the two S-loci. Semi-compatibility between cultivars can lead to yield reduction, since half of the pollinator's pollen is rejected. Identi®cation of semi-compatibility according to yield levels is not always trivial, since many factors are involved in yield production. On the contrary, the application of molecular analysis, for the identi®cation of S-RNas...

50 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that Sn-RNase does not prevent fertilization by Si-pollen haplotype, thus presenting a case in which RHV is not required for the determination of specific pollen rejection by S- RNase, and implying that other regions in the enzyme may be sufficient for this specificity.
Abstract: In the gametophytic self-incompatibility system, growth of self-pollen tubes in the style is inhibited in a haplotype-specific manner by S-RNase. The mechanism by which S-RNase confers its specificity is unknown. However, a hypervariable region (RHV in Rosaceae and HVa-HVb in Solanaceae) that differs among the many cloned S-RNase alleles has been proposed to be involved in conferring the S-haplotype specificity of the S-RNase. Region swapping experiments between S-RNases and crystallography of the enzyme support this assumption. However, the deduced amino acid sequences of Sn-RNase and Si-RNase alleles from the European pear (Pyrus communis) were recently found to have an identical RHV. In the present study it is shown that Sn-RNase does not prevent fertilization by Si-pollen haplotype, thus presenting a case in which RHV is not required for the determination of specific pollen rejection by S-RNase, and implying that other regions in the enzyme may be sufficient for this specificity.

49 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Japanese plum belongs to the Rosaceae, which carries the gametophytic self-incompatibility system, and commercial plum orchards must contain at least two cultivars, which are able to fertilize each other, however, the S-allele content, which determines the fertilization compatibility, has not yet been identi®ed in most of the Japanese plum varieties
Abstract: SummaryThe Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) belongs to the Rosaceae, which carries the gametophytic self-incompatibility system. Therefore, commercial plum orchards must contain at least two cultivars, which are able to fertilize each other. However, the S-allele content, which determines the fertilization compatibility, has not yet been identi®ed in most of the Japanese plum varieties. This lack of knowledge may lead to cases of reduced yields due to semi, instead of full, compatibility. In the present study, ®ve S-alleles were cloned from three Japanese plum cultivars. The genes were isolated, from genomic DNA, by applying the PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), resulting in fragments containing exons, as well as introns. Four of the ®ve clones turned out to be new alleles: from `Wickson' S3 and S6, and from `Royal-Zee', S4 and S5. The ®fth allele, S1, which was isolated from `Red-Beaut', has been cloned previously as a cDNA sequence from `Sordum' (named Sa, GenBank accession no. AB026981). Sequence ...

47 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It appears that the addition of BBs to apple orchards did not only increase the number of pollinating insects in the orchard that could perform cross-pollination, but that it also changed HB foraging behavior, which resulted in improved cross- pollination and increased efficiency, and subsequently more seeds and larger fruit.

47 citations


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that MdMYB1 coordinately regulates genes in the anthocyanin pathway and the expression level of this regulator is the genetic basis for apple skin color.
Abstract: Anthocyanins are secondary metabolites found in higher plants that contribute to the colors of flowers and fruits. In apples (Malus domestica Borkh.), several steps of the anthocyanin pathway are coordinately regulated, suggesting control by common transcription factors. A gene encoding an R2R3 MYB transcription factor was isolated from apple (cv Cripps' Pink) and designated MdMYB1. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence suggests that this gene encodes an ortholog of anthocyanin regulators in other plants. The expression of MdMYB1 in both Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants and cultured grape cells induced the ectopic synthesis of anthocyanin. In the grape (Vitis vinifera) cells MdMYB1 stimulated transcription from the promoters of two apple genes encoding anthocyanin biosynthetic enzymes. In ripening apple fruit the transcription of MdMYB1 was correlated with anthocyanin synthesis in red skin sectors of fruit. When dark-grown fruit were exposed to sunlight, MdMYB1 transcript levels increased over several days, correlating with anthocyanin synthesis in the skin. MdMYB1 gene transcripts were more abundant in red skin apple cultivars compared to non-red skin cultivars. Several polymorphisms were identified in the promoter of MdMYB1. A derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence marker designed to one of these polymorphisms segregated with the inheritance of skin color in progeny from a cross of an unnamed red skin selection (a sibling of Cripps' Pink) and the non-red skin cultivar Golden Delicious. We conclude that MdMYB1 coordinately regulates genes in the anthocyanin pathway and the expression level of this regulator is the genetic basis for apple skin color.

837 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: With growing interest in perennial crops as valuable components of sustainable agriculture, rootstocks provide one mechanism by which to improve and expand woody perennial cultivation in a range of environmental conditions.

272 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new proposed conceptual framework with a modular approach based on pollen deposition, visit frequency, and contribution to seed set relative to the plant's maximum female reproductive potential is proposed, to optimize the balance between idealised theoretical concepts and practical operational methods.
Abstract: Measuring pollinator performance has become increasingly important with emerging needs for risk assessment in conservation and sustainable agriculture that require multi-year and multi-site comparisons across studies. However, comparing pollinator performance across studies is difficult because of the diversity of concepts and disparate methods in use. Our review of the literature shows many unresolved ambiguities. Two different assessment concepts predominate: the first estimates stigmatic pollen deposition and the underlying pollinator behaviour parameters, while the second estimates the pollinator's contribution to plant reproductive success, for example in terms of seed set. Both concepts include a number of parameters combined in diverse ways and named under a diversity of synonyms and homonyms. However, these concepts are overlapping because pollen deposition success is the most frequently used proxy for assessing the pollinator's contribution to plant reproductive success. We analyse the diverse concepts and methods in the context of a new proposed conceptual framework with a modular approach based on pollen deposition, visit frequency, and contribution to seed set relative to the plant's maximum female reproductive potential. A system of equations is proposed to optimize the balance between idealised theoretical concepts and practical operational methods. Our framework permits comparisons over a range of floral phenotypes, and spatial and temporal scales, because scaling up is based on the same fundamental unit of analysis, the single visit.

272 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
08 Jan 2014-PLOS ONE
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the recommended number of honeybees required to provide crop pollination across Europe has risen 4.9 times as fast as honeybee stocks between 2005 and 2010, and stocks were insufficient to supply >90% of demands in 22 countries studied.
Abstract: Declines in insect pollinators across Europe have raised concerns about the supply of pollination services to agriculture. Simultaneously, EU agricultural and biofuel policies have encouraged substantial growth in the cultivated area of insect pollinated crops across the continent. Using data from 41 European countries, this study demonstrates that the recommended number of honeybees required to provide crop pollination across Europe has risen 4.9 times as fast as honeybee stocks between 2005 and 2010. Consequently, honeybee stocks were insufficient to supply >90% of demands in 22 countries studied. These findings raise concerns about the capacity of many countries to cope with major losses of wild pollinators and highlight numerous critical gaps in current understanding of pollination service supplies and demands, pointing to a pressing need for further research into this issue.

200 citations