Author
Martin Lavoie
Other affiliations: St. Francis Xavier University, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, University of Florida ...read more
Bio: Martin Lavoie is an academic researcher from Laval University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Holocene & Peat. The author has an hindex of 25, co-authored 79 publications receiving 2111 citations. Previous affiliations of Martin Lavoie include St. Francis Xavier University & Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue.
Topics: Holocene, Peat, Taiga, Vegetation, Macrofossil
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
Lehigh University1, University of Hawaii at Manoa2, Bowdoin College3, University of Eastern Finland4, University of Exeter5, Eton College6, Stockholm University7, University of Southampton8, Queen Mary University of London9, University of Wisconsin–La Crosse10, University of Gloucestershire11, University of Toulouse12, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań13, University of Toronto14, Université du Québec à Montréal15, Lund University16, University of California, Los Angeles17, United States Geological Survey18, University of Copenhagen19, University of Helsinki20, University of Nottingham21, Laval University22, Geological Survey of Finland23, University of Aberdeen24, McGill University25, Columbia University26, Université de Montréal27, Champlain College28, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada29, University of Guelph30, University of Amsterdam31, Southern Illinois University Carbondale32, Chinese Academy of Sciences33
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present results from the most comprehensive compilation of Holocene peat soil properties with associated carbon and nitrogen accumulation rates for northern peatlands, which consists of 268 peat cores from 215 sites located north of 45°N.
Abstract: Here, we present results from the most comprehensive compilation of Holocene peat soil properties with associated carbon and nitrogen accumulation rates for northern peatlands. Our database consists of 268 peat cores from 215 sites located north of 45°N. It encompasses regions within which peat carbon data have only recently become available, such as the West Siberia Lowlands, the Hudson Bay Lowlands, Kamchatka in Far East Russia, and the Tibetan Plateau. For all northern peatlands, carbon content in organic matter was estimated at 42 ± 3% (standard deviation) for Sphagnum peat, 51 ± 2% for non-Sphagnum peat, and at 49 ± 2% overall. Dry bulk density averaged 0.12 ± 0.07 g/cm3, organic matter bulk density averaged 0.11 ± 0.05 g/cm3, and total carbon content in peat averaged 47 ± 6%. In general, large differences were found between Sphagnum and non-Sphagnum peat types in terms of peat properties. Time-weighted peat carbon accumulation rates averaged 23 ± 2 (standard error of mean) g C/m2/yr during the Holocene on the basis of 151 peat cores from 127 sites, with the highest rates of carbon accumulation (25-28 g C/m2/yr) recorded during the early Holocene when the climate was
404 citations
University of Exeter1, University of Utah2, University of Leicester3, Imperial College London4, University of Hawaii at Manoa5, Lund University6, Russian Academy of Sciences7, Lehigh University8, University of Wisconsin–La Crosse9, Bowdoin College10, Uppsala University11, University of York12, University of Toulouse13, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań14, University of Toronto15, Université du Québec à Montréal16, University of California, Los Angeles17, University of Southampton18, Met Office19, United States Geological Survey20, University of Tartu21, University of Alaska Anchorage22, University of Helsinki23, University of Victoria24, University of Nottingham25, Laval University26, Texas A&M University27, Newcastle University28, Geological Survey of Finland29, Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research30, University of Santiago de Compostela31, University of Aberdeen32, Trinity College, Dublin33, University of Queensland34, Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory35, University of Lapland36, Norwegian Polar Institute37, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources38, Champlain College39, Stockholm University40, University of Leeds41, Forestry Commission42, University of Amsterdam43, Chinese Academy of Sciences44, Northeast Normal University45
TL;DR: This article examined the global relationship between peatland carbon accumulation rates during the last millennium and planetary-scale climate space and found a positive relationship between carbon accumulation and cumulative photosynthetically active radiation during the growing season for mid-to high-latitude peatlands in both hemispheres.
Abstract: The carbon sink potential of peatlands depends on the balance of carbon uptake by plants and microbial decomposition The rates of both these processes will increase with warming but it remains unclear which will dominate the global peatland response Here we examine the global relationship between peatland carbon accumulation rates during the last millennium and planetary-scale climate space A positive relationship is found between carbon accumulation and cumulative photosynthetically active radiation during the growing season for mid- to high-latitude peatlands in both hemispheres However, this relationship reverses at lower latitudes, suggesting that carbon accumulation is lower under the warmest climate regimes Projections under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP)26 and RCP85 scenarios indicate that the present-day global sink will increase slightly until around ad 2100 but decline thereafter Peatlands will remain a carbon sink in the future, but their response to warming switches from a negative to a positive climate feedback (decreased carbon sink with warming) at the end of the twenty-first century
176 citations
Durham University1, Charles University in Prague2, Memorial University of Newfoundland3, Dalhousie University4, McGill University5, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources6, Alberta Geological Survey7, University of Wisconsin-Madison8, Laurentian University9, Université du Québec à Rimouski10, University of Exeter11, Geological Survey of Canada12, University of Maine13, University at Buffalo14, Laval University15, Université du Québec à Montréal16, Oregon State University17, Simon Fraser University18, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign19, Government of Quebec20, Western Washington University21, State University of New York at Plattsburgh22, University of Copenhagen23, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee24, University of Minnesota25, University of Gothenburg26, Western Michigan University27, University College Dublin28, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland29, Indiana University30, University of Cincinnati31, Norwegian University of Science and Technology32, Université de Montréal33, Tufts University34, University of Waterloo35, University of Manitoba36, Alberta Environment37
TL;DR: The most up-to-date and authoritative margin chronology for the entire ice sheet complex is featured in two publications (Geological Survey of Canada Open File 1574 [Dyke et al., 2003] and as mentioned in this paper ).
171 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used permafrost soils collected from Alaska and Siberia with varying organic matter characteristics and simultaneously incubated them under aerobic and anaerobic conditions to determine rates of CO2 and CH4 production.
Abstract: Recent observations suggest that permafrost thaw may create two completely different soil environments: aerobic in relatively well-drained uplands and anaerobic in poorly drained wetlands. The soil oxygen availability will dictate the rate of permafrost carbon release as carbon dioxide (CO2) and as methane (CH4), and the overall effects of these emitted greenhouse gases on climate. The objective of this study was to quantify CO2 and CH4 release over a 500-day period from permafrost soil under aerobic and anaerobic conditions in the laboratory and to compare the potential effects of these emissions on future climate by estimating their relative climate forcing. We used permafrost soils collected from Alaska and Siberia with varying organic matter characteristics and simultaneously incubated them under aerobic and anaerobic conditions to determine rates of CO2 and CH4 production. Over 500 days of soil incubation at 15 °C, we observed that carbon released under aerobic conditions was 3.9–10.0 times greater than anaerobic conditions. When scaled by greenhouse warming potential to account for differences between CO2 and CH4, relative climate forcing ranged between 1.5 and 7.1. Carbon release in organic soils was nearly 20 times greater than mineral soils on a per gram soil basis, but when compared on a per gram carbon basis, deep permafrost mineral soils showed carbon release rates similar to organic soils for some soil types. This suggests that permafrost carbon may be very labile, but that there are significant differences across soil types depending on the processes that controlled initial permafrost carbon accumulation within a particular landscape. Overall, our study showed that, independent of soil type, permafrost carbon in a relatively aerobic upland ecosystems may have a greater effect on climate when compared with a similar amount of permafrost carbon thawing in an anaerobic environment, despite the release of CH4 that occurs in anaerobic conditions.
154 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the Clay Belt region of Quebec and Ontario supports a large forest resource and an important forest industry, and the majority of the harvested volume allotted to forest companies is in forested peatlands and boreal forests prone to paludification.
Abstract: The Clay Belt region of Quebec and Ontario supports a large forest resource and an important forest industry. In this region, the majority of the harvested volume allotted to forest companies is in forested peatlands and boreal forests prone to paludification. Paludification is the accumulation of organic matter over time, and is generally believed to be caused by increasing soil moisture and Sphagnum colonization. Paludification is influenced by external and internal factors; it reduces soil temperature, decomposition rates, microbial activity, and nutrient availability. As a result, paludification may lead to lower site productivity with time after disturbance. Therefore, in harvested stands with a thick organic matter layer, low soil disturbance (as opposed to fire) and water table rise may create favourable conditions for paludification that may ultimately be detrimental to timber production. Past experiences suggest several solutions to prevent or control the negative effects of paludification. Drainage and fertilization applied together are generally good techniques to control paludification and to improve tree productivity. On the other hand, we suggest that site preparation as well as prescribed burning, preceded or not by drainage, are avenues of research that deserve to be explored because they hold the potential to control or even reverse paludification, especially where peat accumulation is caused by natural succession or where lateral peat expansion has occurred.
129 citations
Cited by
More filters
TL;DR: The influence of spray programs on the fauna of apple orchards in Nova Scotia XIV and its relation to the natural control of the oyster shell scale Lepidosaphes ulmi L.
Abstract: B6nassy, C., 1955. R6marques sur deux Aphelinid6s: Aphelinus mytilaspidis Le Baron et Aphytis proclia Walker. Annls l~piphyt. 6: 11-17. Lord, F. T. & MacPhee, A. W., 1953. The influence of spray programs on the fauna of apple orchards in Nova Scotia II. Oyster shell scale. Can. Ent. 79: 196-209. Pickett, A. D., 1946. A progress report on long term spray programs. Rep. Nova Scotia Fruit Grow. Ass. 83 : 27-31. Pickett, A. D., 1967. The influence of spray programs on the fauna of apple orchards in Nova Scotia XIV. Can. Ent. 97: 816-821. Tothill, J. D., 1918. The predacious mite Hemisarcoptes malus Shimer and its relation to the natural control of the oyster shell scale Lepidosaphes ulmi L. Agric. Gaz. Can. 5 : 234-239.
1,506 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a detailed review of the state-of-the-art for electrochromics and its applications in smart windows and provide ample references to current literature of particular relevance.
801 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a 6-year balance computed from continuous net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE), regular instantaneous measurements of methane (CH4) emissions, and export of dissolved organic C (DOC) from a northern ombrotrophic bog is presented.
Abstract: Northern peatlands contain up to 25% of the world’s soil carbon (C) and have an estimated annual exchange of CO2-C with the atmosphere of 0.1–0.5 Pg yr � 1 and of CH4-C of 10–25 Tg yr � 1 . Despite this overall importance to the global C cycle, there have been few, if any, complete multiyear annual C balances for these ecosystems. We report a 6-year balance computed from continuous net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE), regular instantaneous measurements of methane (CH4) emissions, and export of dissolved organic C (DOC) from a northern ombrotrophic bog. From these observations, we have constructed complete seasonal and annual C balances, examined their seasonal and interannual variability, and compared the mean 6-year contemporary C exchange with the apparent C accumulation for the last 3000 years obtained from C density and agedepth profiles from two peat cores. The 6-year mean NEE-C and CH4-C exchange, and net DOC loss are � 40.2 � 40.5 (� 1 SD), 3.7 � 0.5, and 14.9 � 3.1 g m � 2 yr � 1 , giving a 6-year mean balance of � 21.5 � 39.0 g m � 2 yr � 1 (where positive exchange is a loss of C from the ecosystem). NEE had the largest magnitude and variability of the components of the C balance, but DOC and CH4 had similar proportional variabilities and their inclusion is essential to resolve the C balance. There are large interseasonal and interannual ranges to the exchanges due to variations in climatic conditions. We estimate from the largest and smallest seasonal exchanges, quasi-maximum limits of the annual C balance between 50 and � 105 g m � 2 yr � 1 . The net C accumulation rate obtained from the two peatland cores for the interval 400–3000 BP (samples from the anoxic layer only) were 21.9 � 2.8 and 14.0 � 37.6 g m � 2 yr � 1 , which are not significantly different from the 6-year mean con
627 citations
TL;DR: The synergy between warming climate and gas hydrate dissociation feeds a popular perception that global warming could drive catastrophic methane releases from the contemporary gas hydrates reservoir as mentioned in this paper, but no conclusive proof that hydrate-derived methane is reaching the atmosphere now, but more observational data and improved numerical models will better characterize the climate-hydrate synergy in the future.
Abstract: Gas hydrate, a frozen, naturally-occurring, and highly-concentrated form of methane, sequesters significant carbon in the global system and is stable only over a range of low-temperature and moderate-pressure conditions. Gas hydrate is widespread in the sediments of marine continental margins and permafrost areas, locations where ocean and atmospheric warming may perturb the hydrate stability field and lead to release of the sequestered methane into the overlying sediments and soils. Methane and methane-derived carbon that escape from sediments and soils and reach the atmosphere could exacerbate greenhouse warming. The synergy between warming climate and gas hydrate dissociation feeds a popular perception that global warming could drive catastrophic methane releases from the contemporary gas hydrate reservoir. Appropriate evaluation of the two sides of the climate-methane hydrate synergy requires assessing direct and indirect observational data related to gas hydrate dissociation phenomena and numerical models that track the interaction of gas hydrates/methane with the ocean and/or atmosphere. Methane hydrate is likely undergoing dissociation now on global upper continental slopes and on continental shelves that ring the Arctic Ocean. Many factors—the depth of the gas hydrates in sediments, strong sediment and water column sinks, and the inability of bubbles emitted at the seafloor to deliver methane to the sea-air interface in most cases—mitigate the impact of gas hydrate dissociation on atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations though. There is no conclusive proof that hydrate-derived methane is reaching the atmosphere now, but more observational data and improved numerical models will better characterize the climate-hydrate synergy in the future.
514 citations
TL;DR: The boreal woodlands and forests cover approximately 3.09 × 106 km2 in Canada and are characterized by cool summers and long cold winters as discussed by the authors, and have been warm since the 1850s.
Abstract: Canadian boreal woodlands and forests cover approximately 3.09 × 106 km2, located within a larger boreal zone characterized by cool summers and long cold winters. Warming since the 1850s, increases...
429 citations