Geometrical deviation modeling and monitoring of 3D surface based on multi-output Gaussian process

Dimensional artefacts to achieve metrological traceability in advanced manufacturing

Gears are core components of transmission systems. The current trend of gear measurements is the rapid and full digitization. To rapidly obtain information on the three-dimensional (3D) shape of the gear tooth flank, a 3D point cloud measurement system based on a line structure light sensor and high precision air floating rotary table is proposed. The system can acquire more than 1.5 million 3D data points on one side of the gear tooth flank within less than 5 s. In this study, the measured 3D point cloud data is used to calculate the profile error, pitch error, then compared to those obtained from traditional contact measurements. In addition, tooth flank error was evaluated. The results show that the 3D point cloud measurement system can perform fast and accurately in 3D measurements of gears and it is a novel system for gear measurement and error calculation.

3D measurement of gears based on a line structured light sensor

Digital tooth contact analysis of face gear drives with an accurate measurement model of face gear tooth surface inspected by CMMs

3D involute gear evaluation – Part I: Workpiece coordinates

Influence and compensation of CMM geometric errors on 3D gear measurements

Renewable energy systems are becoming more important due to the current energy transition, where the main share of renewables is derived from wind energy systems. However, failure rates due to critical drivetrain components need to be significantly reduced. Traceable quality management is necessary, but has not yet been established for the large-scale workpieces and their quality assurance. Measurement standards need to be made available for the manufacturing industry. A novel involute gear measurement standard with a diameter of about two metres has therefore been developed. After the first worldwide calibration process of a large-scale gear had been conducted, the measurement standard was used for an intercomparison between seven participants. Apart from the development of this measurement standard, the establishment of a calibration service was initiated, so that setting up quality assurance for large-scale gears is possible in the future.

Traceable metrology for large involute gears

Improved gear metrology based on the calibration and compensation of rotary table error motions

This paper describes the experimental verification of the novel IMT-PTB microprobe combined with a uniquely designed microenvironment. The microprobe consists of three silicon-based parallelograms stacked orthogonally, which leads to high isotropy. The probe tip deflections are detected in 3D with the help of piezoresistors placed in the parallelograms. The microenvironment facilitates and improves the measurement of workpieces with submillimeter features. The new microprobe and the microenvironment were integrated into a commercial coordinate measuring machine (CMM). To evaluate the microprobe performance, PTB produced and calibrated three reference objects: a cube, a sphere, and a microgear measurement standard. The differences between the calibration values and the measurement results obtained by the microprobe were in the sub-micrometer range. Furthermore, the microprobe was compared with the standard probing system of the gear measuring machine by measuring the reference objects with identical parameters. The results show the excellent performance of the micro probing system, thereby extending the capability of the CMM for high-precision measurements of complex workpieces at the microscale.

Martin Stein

Papers

3D involute gear evaluation – Part I: Workpiece coordinates

Influence and compensation of CMM geometric errors on 3D gear measurements

Traceable metrology for large involute gears

Improved gear metrology based on the calibration and compensation of rotary table error motions

Integration of an isotropic microprobe and a microenvironment into a conventional CMM