Maryann Frazier

TL;DR: A broad survey of pesticide residues was conducted on samples from migratory and other beekeepers across 23 states, one Canadian province and several agricultural cropping systems during the 2007–08 growing seasons, finding 121 different pesticides and metabolites within 887 wax, pollen, bee and associated hive samples.

TL;DR: This is the first comprehensive survey of CCD-affected bee populations that suggests CCD involves an interaction between pathogens and other stress factors, and presents evidence that this condition is contagious or the result of exposure to a common risk factor.

TL;DR: The role that pesticides and their residues in hive products may play in colony collapse disorder and other colony problems is discussed.

TL;DR: It is found that fungicides with particular modes of action increased disproportionally in wax within colonies that died, and the occurrence of queen events, a significant risk factor for colony health and productivity, was positively associated with all three proxies of pesticide exposure.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided that CCD is probably the result of several factors acting in concert, making afflicted colonies more susceptible to disease and the effect of sublethal pesticide exposure on pathogen prevalence and the role of variability in bee tolerance to pesticides on colony survivorship.