Maryelle Bessou

Bio: Maryelle Bessou is an academic researcher from University of Bordeaux. The author has contributed to research in topics: Terahertz radiation & Pottery. The author has an hindex of 4, co-authored 7 publications receiving 112 citations. Previous affiliations of Maryelle Bessou include Centre national de la recherche scientifique.

Three-dimensional terahertz computed tomography of human bones

Abstract: Three-dimensional terahertz computed tomography has been used to investigate dried human bones such as a lumbar vertebra, a coxal bone, and a skull, with a direct comparison with standard radiography. In spite of lower spatial resolution compared with x-ray, terahertz imaging clearly discerns a compact bone from a spongy one, with strong terahertz absorption as shown by additional terahertz time-domain transmission spectroscopy.

Terahertz, X-ray and neutron computed tomography of an Eighteenth Dynasty Egyptian sealed pottery

Abstract: An Eighteenth Dynasty Egyptian sealed pottery stored at the Museum of Aquitaine (Bordeaux, France) has been investigated using terahertz radiation, X-rays and neutrons THz computed tomography revealed nondestructively the presence of content, whereas X-rays and neutrons analyzed more precisely the fabrication process and conservation of the pottery together with the nature of this content owing to higher spatial resolution and contrast With neutron tomography, we determined the method used to seal the jar as well as the finer structure of the inner content Neutron-induced prompt gamma spectroscopy was finally applied to measure the elemental composition of the content, which is supposed to consist of dried germinated seeds

Middle pleistocene human remains from Tourville-la-Rivière (Normandy, France) and their archaeological context.

Abstract: Despite numerous sites of great antiquity having been excavated since the end of the 19th century, Middle Pleistocene human fossils are still extremely rare in northwestern Europe. Apart from the two partial crania from Biache-Saint-Vaast in northern France, all known human fossils from this period have been found from ten sites in either Germany or England. Here we report the discovery of three long bones from the same left upper limb discovered at the open-air site of Tourville-la-Riviere in the Seine Valley of northern France. New U-series and combined US-ESR dating on animal teeth produced an age range for the site of 183 to 236 ka. In combination with paleoecological indicators, they indicate an age toward the end of MIS 7. The human remains from Tourville-la-Riviere are attributable to the Neandertal lineage based on morphological and metric analyses. An abnormal crest on the left humerus represents a deltoid muscle enthesis. Micro- and or macro-traumas connected to repetitive movements similar to those documented for professional throwing athletes could be origin of abnormality.

Identification des cas de trépanations dans les populations anciennes : base de données et outil interactif de soutien au diagnostic différentiel

Abstract: Les nombreux cas de trepanations crâniennes dans les populations anciennes sont identifies tres majoritairement a partir de la forme de l'ouverture pratiquee sur la voute. En l'absence de traces caracteristiques des outils du praticien, il est toutefois toujours possible qu'il s'agisse d'une « pseudo-trepanation », c'est-a-dire d'un orifice d'origine pathologique ou taphonomique mimant l'allure d'une ouverture anthropique. Notre etude a pour but d'ameliorer le travail de comparaison du diagnostic differentiel grâce a la creation d'une base de donnees recensant les multiples facteurs responsables de lacunes de la voute crânienne. Ce referentiel a permis l'elaboration d'un outil interactif de soutien au diagnostic differentiel sur la plateforme collaborative de gestion de donnees Xper3, la premiere de ce type. Notre revue bibliographique de la litterature anthropologique et medicale a rassemble dans une base de donnees les caracteristiques morphologiques des lacunes produites par 79 etiologies en fonction de 13 criteres de description quantitatifs et qualitatifs. La comparaison d'un cas archeologique avec des cas connus par l'intermediaire de l'outil interactif facilite alors le travail de recherches comparatives, oriente l'observateur vers des etiologies potentiellement compatibles et consolide le diagnostic differentiel en augmentant rapidement le nombre de facteurs a discuter.

Toward real-time terahertz imaging

Abstract: Terahertz (THz) science and technology have greatly progressed over the past two decades to a point where the THz region of the electromagnetic spectrum is now a mature research area with many fundamental and practical applications. Furthermore, THz imaging is positioned to play a key role in many industrial applications, as THz technology is steadily shifting from university-grade instrumentation to commercial systems. In this context, the objective of this review is to discuss recent advances in THz imaging with an emphasis on the modalities that could enable real-time high-resolution imaging. To this end, we first discuss several key imaging modalities developed over the years: THz transmission, reflection, and conductivity imaging; THz pulsed imaging; THz computed tomography; and THz near-field imaging. Then, we discuss several enabling technologies for real-time THz imaging within the time-domain spectroscopy paradigm: fast optical delay lines, photoconductive antenna arrays, and electro-optic sampling with cameras. Next, we discuss the advances in THz cameras, particularly THz thermal cameras and THz field-effect transistor cameras. Finally, we overview the most recent techniques that enable fast THz imaging with single-pixel detectors: mechanical beam-steering, compressive sensing, spectral encoding, and fast Fourier optics. We believe that this critical and comprehensive review of enabling hardware, instrumentation, algorithms, and potential applications in real-time high-resolution THz imaging can serve a diverse community of fundamental and applied scientists.

Terahertz Imaging and Sensing Applications With Silicon-Based Technologies

Abstract: Traditional terahertz (THz) equipment faces major obstacles in providing the system cost and compactness necessary for widespread deployment of THz applications. Because of this, the field of THz integrated circuit (THz IC) design in CMOS and SiGe HBT technologies has surged in the last decade. An interplay of advances in silicon process technology, design technique, and microelectronic packaging promises to narrow the gap between the requirements and the reality of system cost and performance of THz components. Furthermore, the scalability, reconfigurability, and signal processing features of silicon technology have initiated research in complex THz ICs that expand the functionality of THz systems; this has enabled new applications, methods, and algorithms. This paper reviews the progress in THz IC research and investigates several realizations of THz imaging and sensing applications with silicon-based components regarding their motivation, system performance, and challenges. THz computed tomography, broadband multicolor imaging, high-resolution FMCW radar imaging, subwavelength resolution near-field imaging, and compressed sensing are presented.

Non-destructive analysis and testing of museum objects: an overview of 5 years of research

Abstract: This paper gives an overview of research activities within the pan-European network COST Action G8. COST is an EU initiative that allows the coordination of nationally funded research at a pan-European level and its activities are based on so-called actions which are networks on a specific topic covering basic and pre-competitive research. Action G8 is one of these networks and has 24 member countries. Its first goal aims at achieving a better preservation and conservation of our cultural heritage by increasing the knowledge in art and archaeological objects through chemical and physical analyses. Furthermore Action G8 aims at creating a Europe-wide environment, in which people directly concerned with the maintenance of our cultural heritage (i.e. art historians, archaeologists, conservators and curators) and analytical scientists (i.e. physicists, chemists, material scientists, geologists, etc.) can exchange knowledge. The multidisciplinary community of action is essential as in the current economic climate it is extremely difficult for museums to develop new analytical methods or techniques. The need for collaboration with experts in state-of-the art analytical instrumentation is therefore very high and can tap-in to sources of knowledge and sophistication of equipment, which would otherwise be impossible in the small conservation and science groups in museums.

Review of photomixing continuous-wave terahertz systems and current application trends in terahertz domain

Abstract: Within the last two decades, terahertz systems have become a well-established tool in scientific laboratories and industrial research and development departments. Unlike the methods of pulsed terahertz radiation that mainly rely on ultrafast optical technology, the technology behind continuous-wave terahertz sources and detectors has a long history involving many different types of technical schemes. The intent is to provide a brief review of the continuous-wave terahertz systems that are based on photomixing and current application trends in the field of terahertz technology.