Masato Sone

Bio: Masato Sone is an academic researcher from Tokyo Institute of Technology. The author has contributed to research in topics: Supercritical fluid & Electroplating. The author has an hindex of 27, co-authored 241 publications receiving 2886 citations. Previous affiliations of Masato Sone include Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology.

Mechanistic insights into photodegradation of organic dyes using heterostructure photocatalysts

Abstract: Due to its low cost, environmentally friendly process, and lack of secondary contamination, the photodegradation of dyes is regarded as a promising technology for industrial wastewater treatment. This technology demonstrates the light-enhanced generation of charge carriers and reactive radicals that non-selectively degrade various organic dyes into water, CO2, and other organic compounds via direct photodegradation or a sensitization-mediated degradation process. The overall efficiency of the photocatalysis system is closely dependent upon operational parameters that govern the adsorption and photodegradation of dye molecules, including the initial dye concentration, pH of the solution, temperature of the reaction medium, and light intensity. Additionally, the charge-carrier properties of the photocatalyst strongly affect the generation of reactive species in the heterogeneous photodegradation and thereby dictate the photodegradation efficiency. Herein, this comprehensive review discusses the pseudo kinetics and mechanisms of the photodegradation reactions. The operational factors affecting the photodegradation of either cationic or anionic dye molecules, as well as the charge-carrier properties of the photocatalyst, are also fully explored. By further analyzing past works to clarify key active species for photodegradation reactions and optimal conditions, this review provides helpful guidelines that can be applied to foster the development of efficient photodegradation systems.

Origin of Helix in Achiral Banana-Shaped Molecular Systems

Abstract: Helical structures were confirmed for both the SmAb and SmBlue phases of banana-shaped molecular systems from observations of the microscopic fringe pattern and the selective reflection of blue color, respectively. X-ray and optical microscopy indicate that the helical axes in the SmAb and SmBlue phases are normal and parallel to the smectic layer, respectively. In these two helical phases, 13C NMR spectra show two C=O peaks, suggesting two different configurations of ester group, whereas only one C=O peak appears in the isotropic and crystal phases. This indicates that the two C=O groups in the mesogenic core are not in the same plane but are twisted. The addition of chiral dopant makes the dichroic ratio of the right- and left-circularly polarized scattered light positive or negative in the SmBlue phase, although the wavelength (?430 nm) of the scattering peak does not change significantly. The origin of the helix will be discussed in view of the twisted molecular conformation (conformational chirality) and the escape from macroscopic polarization.

Evaluation of the block boundary and sub-block boundary strengths of ferrous lath martensite using a micro-bending test

Abstract: We report our investigation of the block boundary and sub-block boundary strengths of lath martensite evaluated through a micro-bending test. The sub-block boundaries contribute very little to the macroscopic strength of the lath martensite. In contrast, the presence of a block boundary in the specimen greatly increased the strength. In addition, the block boundary induced a serrated flow and load drop after yielding in the load–displacement curve. The load drop and serrated flow were attributable to dislocation pile-up and subsequent propagation of dislocations across the block boundary. In a microstructural observation of specimens after deformation, we found that a block boundary significantly restricts the motion of dislocations, while a sub-block boundary does not. We concluded that the block boundary is the most effective grain boundary for strength in lath martensite.

Application of emulsion of dense carbon dioxide in electroplating solution with nonionic surfactants for nickel electroplating

Abstract: An electroplating reaction using nickel was carried out in an emulsion of dense carbon dioxide (CO2) and an electroplating solution with nonionic surfactants. The current efficiency and electrical resistance values were measured as a function of CO2 volume fraction in the emulsion with three kinds of surfactants. These results show that dense CO2 beyond the critical point of CO2 is effective to form an emulsion for the electroplating reaction. The nonionic surfactant octa(ethylene oxide) dodecyl ether, two kinds of poly (ethylene oxide)-b-poly (propylene oxide) with molecular weights of 745 and 950, respectively, were employed for emulsification. Moreover, a hydrophilic CO2-philic balance of the surfactants strongly influences on the stability of the emulsion. On the basis of the electrical conductivity measurements, the emulsion was classified into a CO2 in water (C/W) type with the CO2 volume fraction ranging from 0 to 80%. Compared to electroplating from the only solution, higher quality nickel films have been prepared by this method. The nickel films that were produced have a higher uniformity, a smaller grain size (sub-100 nm), and a significantly higher Vickers hardness.

Electroplating of Nanostructured Nickel in Emulsion of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in Electrolyte Solution

Abstract: We report electroplating in emulsion of supercritical carbon dioxide and electrolyte solution for the first time. Compared to conventional electroplating, this technology has advantages in covering, leveling and throwing effects on plating. Moreover the particle sizes of plated nickel are sub-100 nm.

Transformation of carbon dioxide.

Abstract: 4.3. Reaction Mechanism 2373 4.4. Asymmetric Synthesis 2374 4.5. Outlook 2374 5. Alternating Polymerization of Oxiranes and CO2 2374 5.1. Reaction Outlines 2374 5.2. Catalyst 2376 5.3. Asymmetric Polymerization 2377 5.4. Immobilized Catalysts 2377 6. Synthesis of Urea and Urethane Derivatives 2378 7. Synthesis of Carboxylic Acid 2379 8. Synthesis of Esters and Lactones 2380 9. Synthesis of Isocyanates 2382 10. Hydrogenation and Hydroformylation, and Alcohol Homologation 2382

Recent Progresses on Materials for Electrophosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Devices

Abstract: Although organic light-emitting devices have been commercialized as flat panel displays since 1997, only singlet excitons were emitted. Full use of singlet and triplet excitons, electrophosphorescence, has attracted increasing attentions after the premier work made by Forrest, Thompson, and co-workers. In fact, red electrophosphorescent dye has already been used in sub-display of commercial mobile phones since 2003. Highly efficient green phosphorescent dye is now undergoing of commercialization. Very recently, blue phosphorescence approaching the theoretical efficiency has also been achieved, which may overcome the final obstacle against the commercialization of full color display and white light sources from phosphorescent materials. Combining light out-coupling structures with highly efficient phosphors (shown in the table-of-contents image), white emission with an efficiency matching that of fluorescent tubes (90 lm/W) has now been realized. It is possible to tune the color to the true white region by changing to a deep blue emitter and corresponding wide gap host and transporting material for the blue phosphor. In this article, recent progresses in red, green, blue, and white electrophosphorescent materials for OLEDs are reviewed, with special emphasis on blue electrophosphorescent materials.

Shear bands in metallic glasses

Abstract: Shear-banding is a ubiquitous plastic-deformation mode in materials. In metallic glasses, shear bands are particularly important as they play the decisive role in controlling plasticity and failure at room temperature. While there have been several reviews on the general mechanical properties of metallic glasses, a pressing need remains for an overview focused exclusively on shear bands, which have received tremendous attention in the past several years. This article attempts to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date review on the rapid progress achieved very recently on this subject. We describe the shear bands from the inside out, and treat key materials-science issues of general interest, including the initiation of shear localization starting from shear transformations, the temperature and velocity reached in the propagating or sliding band, the structural evolution inside the shear-band material, and the parameters that strongly influence shear-banding. Several new discoveries and concepts, such as stick-slip cold shear-banding and strength/plasticity enhancement at sub-micrometer sample sizes, will also be highlighted. The understanding built-up from these accounts will be used to explain the successful control of shear bands achieved so far in the laboratory. The review also identifies a number of key remaining questions to be answered, and presents an outlook for the field.

Modern Strategies in Electroorganic Synthesis

Abstract: 4.2. Solid-Supported Electrolytes 2280 4.3. Solid-Supported Mediators 2282 4.4. Supported Substrate-Product Capture 2283 4.5. A Unique Electrolyte/Solvent System 2285 5. Reaction Conditions 2285 5.1. Supercritical Fluids 2285 5.1.1. Electrochemical Properties of scCO2 2285 5.1.2. Electroreductive Carboxylation in scCO2 2286 5.1.3. Electrochemical Polymerization in scCO2 2286 5.2. The Cation-Pool Method 2286 5.2.1. Generation of N-Acyliminium Ion Pools 2286 5.2.2. Generation of Alkoxycarbenium Ion Pools 2287 5.2.3. Generation of Diarylcarbenium Ion Pools 2288 5.2.4. Generation of Other Cation Pools 2289 6. Electrochemical Devices 2289 6.1. Electrode Materials 2289 6.2. Ultrasound and Centrifugal Fields 2290 6.3. Electrochemical Microflow Systems 2290 7. Combinatorial Electrochemical Synthesis 2292 7.1. Parallel Electrolysis Using a Macrosystem 2292 7.2. Parallel Electrolysis Using a Microsystem 2293 7.3. Serial Electrolysis Using a Microsystem 2294 8. Conclusions 2294 9. Acknowledgments 2294 10. References 2294

Damascene copper electroplating for chip interconnections

Abstract: Damascene copper electroplating for on-chip interconnections, a process that we conceived and developed in the early 1990s, makes it possible to fill submicron trenches and vias with copper without creating a void or a seam and has thus proven superior to other technologies of copper deposition. We discuss here the relationship of additives in the plating bath to superfilling, the phenomenon that results in superconformal coverage, and we present a numerical model which accounts for the experimentally observed profile evolution of the plated metal.