１ Ｂａｓｉｃ ｎｅｐｈｒｏｌｏｇｙ（生理；免疫・病理；分子生物学；検査・診断） ２ Ｃｌｉｎｉｃａｌ ｎｅｐｈｒｏｌｏｇｙ（糸球体障害；尿細管・間質障害；全身性疾患と腎障害；水電解質異常；腎不全）

Annual review 腎臓

For Better or for Worse: Divorce Reconsidered. E. Mavis Hetherington & John Kelly. New York: Norton. 2002. 307 pp. ISBN 0-393-- 04862-4. $26.95 (cloth). A trip to my local bookstore revealed an almost dizzying array of books on divorce intended for the lay audience. Unfortunately, few of them are particularly good, most giving advice that can be boiled down to something like "Now that you're divorced, try to get along [for the children's sake]." Another lamentable characteristic of such books is that they tend to rely on almost no empirical data, or are or based on the authors' own "observations or experiences," or, in some cases, are based on the findings of a single study with a small, homogenous sample (e.g., Wallerstein, Lewis, & Blakeslee, 2000). For Better or for Worse: Divorce Reconsidered is refreshingly different from the average book of this genre. What I find so wonderful about this book is that it synthesizes the wealth of information researchers have collected over the years regarding the impact of divorce and remarriage and communicates this information to the general public in a useful and responsible way. I have often thought that one of the things that we, as researchers and academics, do not do very well is give back the information we take from so many people (who kindly donate this information to us) to them in a useful, understandable form. Rather, we tend to share the information among ourselves in the form of highly technical journal articles, book chapters, and trade books-all written in such a way as to be fairly uninteresting to the general reader. Although these forms of publication clearly have their own value, they do little to inform the public about the current state of knowledge on important issues or how the public can apply this knowledge to problems in their own lives. In my view, E. Mavis Hetherington and John Kelly have done just that, producing a highly readable book that is of interest to researchers, practitioners, and individuals dealing with their own family changes. Researchers interested in the impact of divorce will recognize many of the studies she refers to (although more specific citations throughout would have been nice), and individuals dealing with their own divorce or remarriage will find the "Points to Remember" sections at the end of each chapter both useful and helpful. Hetherington draws upon the stories of families who participated in the Virginia Longitudinal Study of Divorce over a 20-year period in the 1970s and 1980s. These stories, interwoven with information gleaned from the many other empirical studies of divorce Hetherington has been involved with over the years, as well as the research of others, make this book a "page-turner" and an extremely enjoyable read. …

For Better or for Worse: Divorce Reconsidered

Islamophobic hate speech on social media is a growing concern in contemporary Western politics and society. It can inflict considerable harm on any victims who are targeted, create a sense of fear ...

Detecting weak and strong Islamophobic hate speech on social media

This report introduces the COVID-19 Family Environment Scale (CHES), which aims to measure the impact of social distancing due to COVID-19 on household conflict and cohesion Existing measures do not capture household experiences relevant to the pandemic, in which families are largely confined to their homes while sharing a life-threatening situation Using best practice guidelines, we developed a pool of items and revised them with review by a panel of experts, and cognitive interviewing with community respondents We administered the CHES by online survey to 3,965 adults The CHES consists of 15 items for each of two subscales, household conflict (α = 847) and household cohesion (α = 887) Exploratory factor analysis yielded two factors, corresponding to the intended conflict and cohesion items, which accounted for 29% of variance Confirmatory factor analysis partially supported the 2-factor model (RMSEA = 057; CFI = 729, TLI = 708, and SRMR = 098) The CHES also contains 25 optional items to describe respondent and household characteristics, and household-level COVID-19 exposure The CHES, publicly available at https://elcentrosonhsmiamiedu/research/measures-library/covid-19/indexhtml, provides a tool for measuring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on important determinants of resilience in the face of major stressful events Further work is needed to address the factor structure and establish validity of the CHES

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/famp.12579

Developing a Measure of the Impact of COVID-19 Social Distancing on Household Conflict and Cohesion.

Posttraumatic stress disorder and relationship functioning: A comprehensive review and organizational framework.

A Dyadic Model of Stress, Coping, and Marital Satisfaction Among Parents of Children With Autism

Although many adults and children are resilient after divorce, it is common for marital breakups to precipitate the need for government assistance for families who had been self-sufficient. This study focuses on the economic costs of divorce associated with means-tested welfare programs in Texas, which fall into five central areas: medical assistance; cash assistance; food assistance; housing, energy, and utility assistance; and child care and development assistance. The study estimated that Texas spends at least $3.18 billion on divorce and its related consequences each year, accounting for approximately 12% of the total Texas budget in 2008. These results reinforce the notion that family actions often have public consequences. Policy implications related to services aimed at strengthening healthy marriage and decreasing “preventable” divorce via reconciliation services are offered.

/pdf/economic-costs-and-policy-implications-associated-with-5f1iaz9bt2.pdf

Economic Costs and Policy Implications Associated With Divorce: Texas as a Case Study

The purpose of this study was to understand differences in one's ability to implement relationship self-regulation (RSR) in marriage based on the family-of-origin variables of parent–child relationship quality, parental marital satisfaction and current emotional health. The participants were 484 married couples who completed the relationship evaluation. Structural equation modelling was used to test a model that showed that the actor and partner's emotional health were associated with RSR in marriage, while most family-of-origin factors were not directly associated with RSR. However, the perceived mother–child relationship quality was associated with RSR for wives, but not husbands, when controlling for the other variables in the model. There were no significant relationships between father–child relationship quality or parental marital satisfaction and RSR. Implications for couple therapists and educators are discussed.



Practitioner points

Relationship self-regulation (RSR) involves recognizing one's own positive and negative contribution to the relationship.
Emotional health affects RSR and should be attended to in work with couples.
Helping partners address emotional health issues may increase a couple's ability to collaboratively work on their relationship.
Open expression of emotions and positive communication skills may decrease emotional health symptomology and increase the couples' use of RSR.

Family‐of‐origin experience and emotional health as predictors of relationship self‐regulation in marriage

This mixed methods exploratory study illustrates the influence of pervasive misconceptions about Islam on the experiences of 314 adult Muslims across the United States. Quantitative results suggest that Muslim stress levels are comparable to the stress levels of other marginalized groups in the United States. Qualitative analysis revealed four themes that highlight the challenges faced by Muslims as well as their resiliency in the face of microaggressions and marginalization. Family therapists may utilize these personal accounts to expand their understanding of Muslim experiences, and to reflect on their own implicit biases toward Muslims in order to reduce chances of premature termination. Clinical implications include using resiliency-based models and creating collaborative partnerships with community leaders when working with this religious minority group.

Microaggressions and Islamophobia: Experiences of Muslims Across the United States and Clinical Implications.

There exists a need to better understand the applicability of Marriage and Relationship Education (MRE) initiatives with diverse populations. This study presents findings from focus groups with Latino men and women (N = 16) who participated in MRE classes. A critical theory approach guided the researchers who used grounded theory methodology to analyze the group transcripts. From the participant’s words, two types of meaning categories were generated. The first category, “Cultural Values,” included shared values or cultural influences that were identified as relevant to how participants experienced the MRE course. These included values such as familismo or cultural obligation. The second category was “group benefits,” which included concepts that described ways that the MRE experience was helpful to the participants (e.g., emotional awareness and motivation for change). These categories and concepts are presented in a model depicting the cultural values as an overlay through which the group benefits were ...

Matthew D. Brown

Papers

A Dyadic Model of Stress, Coping, and Marital Satisfaction Among Parents of Children With Autism

Economic Costs and Policy Implications Associated With Divorce: Texas as a Case Study

Family‐of‐origin experience and emotional health as predictors of relationship self‐regulation in marriage

Microaggressions and Islamophobia: Experiences of Muslims Across the United States and Clinical Implications.

Experiences of Latino Couples in Relationship Education: A Critical Analysis.