Matthew H. England

Bio: Matthew H. England is an academic researcher from University of New South Wales. The author has contributed to research in topics: Ocean current & Thermohaline circulation. The author has an hindex of 66, co-authored 283 publications receiving 17309 citations. Previous affiliations of Matthew H. England include Purdue University & Centre national de la recherche scientifique.

Increasing frequency of extreme El Niño events due to greenhouse warming

Abstract: Extreme El Nino events cause global disruption of weather patterns and affect ecosystems and agriculture through changes in rainfall. Model projections show that a doubling in the occurrence of such extreme episodes is caused by increased surface warming of the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean, which results in the atmospheric conditions required for these event to occur.

Recent intensification of wind-driven circulation in the Pacific and the ongoing warming hiatus

Abstract: The slowdown in global average surface warming has recently been linked to sea surface cooling in the eastern Pacific Ocean. This work shows that strengthening trade winds caused a reduction in the 2012 global average surface air temperature of 0.1–0.2 °C. This may account for much of the warming hiatus and is a result of increased subsurface ocean heat uptake.

Signatures of the Antarctic ozone hole in Southern Hemisphere surface climate change

Abstract: Roughly 90% of atmospheric ozone is found in the lower stratosphere in the ozone layer Since about the 1970s, anthropogenic emissions of ozone-depleting gases have led to depletion of ~3–4% of the total overhead ozone averaged over the globe 1 The strongest depletion is found over Antarctica during spring, when photochemical processes combine with a unique set of meteorological conditions to greatly increase the effectiveness of ozone-depleting gases, and more than half of the total overhead ozone is destroyed Characteristics of the resulting Antarctic ozone hole are reviewed in refs 1 and 2, and the identification and attribution of the phenomenon was recently celebrated in a special edition of Nature (http://wwwnaturecom/nature/focus/ ozonehole/) The Antarctic ozone hole is evident in ozone observations taken every spring since about the early 1980s 1 Its annual onset coincides with the return of sunlight to the cold polar stratosphere during September/October, and its decay with the collapse of the stratospheric vortex during November/December 1,2 The most obvious surface impact is an increase in ultraviolet radiation reaching the surface 1 Over the past decade, however, it has become clear that the ozone hole is also associated with widespread changes in the Southern Hemisphere tropospheric circulation and surface climate Our purpose here is to review the evidence that suggests that the Antarctic ozone hole has had a demonstrable effect on the surface climate of the Southern Hemisphere The ozone hole and Southern Hemisphere circulation Ozone absorbs incoming solar radiation Hence the depletion of ozone over Antarctica leads to cooling of the polar stratosphere 2,3

On the water masses and mean circulation of the South Atlantic Ocean

Abstract: We examine recent observations of water mass distribution and circulation schemes at different depths of the South Atlantic Ocean to propose a layered, qualitative representation of the mean distribution of flow in this region This furthers the simple upper layer geostrophic flow estimates of Peterson and Stramma [1991] In addition, we assess how well ocean general circulation models (GCMs) capture the overall structure of flow in the South Atlantic in this regard The South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) is of South Atlantic origin in the subtropical gyre, while the SACW in the tropical region in part originates from the South Indian Ocean The Antarctic Intermediate Water in the South Atlantic originates from a surface region of the circumpolar layer, especially in the northern Drake Passage and the Falkland Current loop, but also receives some water from the Indian Ocean The subtropical South Atlantic above the North Atlantic Deep Water and north of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is dominated by the anticyclonic subtropical gyre In the eastern tropical South Atlantic the cyclonic Angola Gyre exists, embedded in a large tropical cyclonic gyre The equatorial part of the South Atlantic shows several depth-dependent zonal current bands besides the Angola Gyre Ocean GCMs have difficulty capturing this detailed zonal circulation structure, even at eddy-permitting resolution The northward extent of the subtropical gyre reduces with increasing depth, located near Brazil at 16°S in the near-surface layer and at 26°S in the Antarctic Intermediate Water layer, while the tropical cyclonic gyre progresses southward The southward shift of the northern part of the subtropical gyre is well resolved in global ocean GCMs However, high horizontal resolution is required to capture the South Atlantic Current north of the ACC The North Atlantic Deep Water in the South Atlantic progresses mainly southward in the Deep Western Boundary Current, but some water also moves southward at the eastern boundary

An Overview of CMIP5 and the Experiment Design

Abstract: The fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) will produce a state-of-the- art multimodel dataset designed to advance our knowledge of climate variability and climate change. Researchers worldwide are analyzing the model output and will produce results likely to underlie the forthcoming Fifth Assessment Report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Unprecedented in scale and attracting interest from all major climate modeling groups, CMIP5 includes “long term” simulations of twentieth-century climate and projections for the twenty-first century and beyond. Conventional atmosphere–ocean global climate models and Earth system models of intermediate complexity are for the first time being joined by more recently developed Earth system models under an experiment design that allows both types of models to be compared to observations on an equal footing. Besides the longterm experiments, CMIP5 calls for an entirely new suite of “near term” simulations focusing on recent decades...

Phd by thesis

Abstract: Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

“Bioinformatics” 특집을 내면서

Abstract: BIOE 402. Medical Technology Assessment. 2 or 3 hours. Bioentrepreneur course. Assessment of medical technology in the context of commercialization. Objectives, competition, market share, funding, pricing, manufacturing, growth, and intellectual property; many issues unique to biomedical products. Course Information: 2 undergraduate hours. 3 graduate hours. Prerequisite(s): Junior standing or above and consent of the instructor.

The climate hazards infrared precipitation with stations--a new environmental record for monitoring extremes.

Abstract: The Climate Hazards group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) dataset builds on previous approaches to ‘smart’ interpolation techniques and high resolution, long period of record precipitation estimates based on infrared Cold Cloud Duration (CCD) observations. The algorithm i) is built around a 0.05° climatology that incorporates satellite information to represent sparsely gauged locations, ii) incorporates daily, pentadal, and monthly 1981-present 0.05° CCD-based precipitation estimates, iii) blends station data to produce a preliminary information product with a latency of about 2 days and a final product with an average latency of about 3 weeks, and iv) uses a novel blending procedure incorporating the spatial correlation structure of CCD-estimates to assign interpolation weights. We present the CHIRPS algorithm, global and regional validation results, and show how CHIRPS can be used to quantify the hydrologic impacts of decreasing precipitation and rising air temperatures in the Greater Horn of Africa. Using the Variable Infiltration Capacity model, we show that CHIRPS can support effective hydrologic forecasts and trend analyses in southeastern Ethiopia.

Chapter 12 - Long-term climate change: Projections, commitments and irreversibility

Abstract: This chapter assesses long-term projections of climate change for the end of the 21st century and beyond, where the forced signal depends on the scenario and is typically larger than the internal variability of the climate system. Changes are expressed with respect to a baseline period of 1986-2005, unless otherwise stated.