Author
Maurice Jalfre
Bio: Maurice Jalfre is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Imipramine & Sultopride. The author has an hindex of 9, co-authored 10 publications receiving 4186 citations.
Papers
More filters
TL;DR: Positive findings with atypical antidepressant drugs such as iprindole and mianserin suggest that the method may be capable of discovering new antidepressants hitherto undetectable with classical pharmacological tests.
3,030 citations
TL;DR: Important differences exist between strains in both the amount of immobility observed and the effects of imipramine, and strain differences should be taken into account in attempts to replicate results from one laboratory to another.
576 citations
TL;DR: It was concluded that immobility depended primarily on the activity of central catecholamines but that caution was required before ascribingimmobility exclusively to activity within a single system.
567 citations
TL;DR: Rats when forced to swim in a restricted space not only became immobile but showed marked hypothermia, which can be dissociated from the immobility occurring in these conditions and also from drug-induced Hypothermia.
77 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that piracetam can interact with choline to facilitate memory processes in mice and this results are consistent with those reported elsewhere.
Abstract: The effects of various piracetam + choline combinations on an experimental model of memory were investigated. Mice were given two sessions in a simple photo-cell activity cage and the decrease in activity at the second session (habituation) served as an index of retention. Retention was facilitated by post-session administration of 2000 mg/kg piracetam IP and 50 mg/kg piracetam + 50 mg/kg choline IP. Similar injections of choline alone (10 to 200 mg/kg IP), piracetam alone (10 to 1000 mg/kg IP) or other combinations of piracetam and choline were without effect. These results, consistent with those reported elsewhere, suggest that piracetam can interact with choline to facilitate memory processes in mice.
39 citations
Cited by
More filters
TL;DR: A novel test procedure for antidepressants was designed in which a mouse is suspended by the tail from a lever, the movements of the animal being recorded, and the test can separate the locomotor stimulant doses from antidepressant doses.
Abstract: A novel test procedure for antidepressants was designed in which a mouse is suspended by the tail from a lever, the movements of the animal being recorded. The total duration of the test (6 min) can be divided into periods of agitation and immobility. Several psychotropic drugs were studied: amphetamine, amitriptyline, atropine, desipramine, mianserin, nomifensine and viloxazine. Antidepressant drugs decrease the duration of immobility, as do psychostimulants and atropine. If coupled with measurement of locomotor activity in different conditions, the test can separate the locomotor stimulant doses from antidepressant doses. Diazepam increases the duration of immobility. The main advantages of this procedure are the use of a simple, objective test situation, the concordance of the results with the validated "behavioral despair" test from Porsolt and the sensitivity to a wide range of drug doses.
3,139 citations
TL;DR: This study demonstrated that distinct patterns of active behaviors are produced by antidepressants that selectively inhibit norepinephrine (NE) or serotonin (5-HT) uptake in the rat forced swimming test (FST), and showed that SSRIs are not false negatives in the FST.
Abstract: This study demonstrated that distinct patterns of active behaviors are produced by antidepressants that selectively inhibit norepinephrine (NE) or serotonin (5-HT) uptake in the rat forced swimming test (FST). A behavior sampling technique was developed to score the active behaviors swimming, climbing and diving, as well as immobility. The rat's behavior was recorded at the end of each 5-s period during the test session. The sampling technique was both reliable, as demonstrated by test-retest reliability and inter-rater reliability, and valid, as shown by comparison to the timing of behavior durations. Five different antidepressant drugs which block monoamine uptake and two 5-HT1A receptor agonists were shown to decrease immobility in the FST; however, they produced distinct patterns of active behaviors. The selective NE uptake inhibitors desipramine and maprotiline selectively increased climbing, whereas the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) fluoxetine, sertraline and paroxetine selectively increased swimming. The 5-HT1A receptor agonists 8-OH-DPAT and gepirone also selectively increased swimming. These results show that:1) SSRIs are not false negatives in the FST; 2) at least two behaviorally distinct processes occur in the FST; and 3) enhancement of NE neurotransmission may mediate climbing in the FST, whereas enhancement of 5-HT neurotransmission may mediate swimming.
1,396 citations
TL;DR: The tail suspension test is a useful test for assessing the behavioural effects of antidepressant compounds and other pharmacological and genetic manipulations relevant to depression.
1,326 citations
TL;DR: The models with the highest overall validity are the intracranial self-stimulation, chronic stress and learned helplessness models in rats, and the primate separation model.
Abstract: Eighteen animal, models of depression are reviewed in relation to three sets of validating criteria. Of the 18 models, five could only be assessed for predictive, validity, seven could be assessed for predictive and face validity, and six could potentially have predictive, face and construct validity. Some traditional models (reserpine reversal, amphetamine potentiation) are rejected as invalid; the models with the highest overall validity are the intracranial self-stimulation, chronic stress and learned helplessness models in rats, and the primate separation model.
1,280 citations