Arene oxides and the NIH shift: the metabolism, toxicity and carcinogenicity of aromatic compounds.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the immunological basis and clinical experiences with neopterin as an indicator for activation of the cell-mediated immune system. Neopterin was isolated from larvae of bee, worker bees, and royal jelly. Comprehensive information on the chemistry of pteridines is provided. Synthetic methods for some natural pteridines are reviewed, and the reactivity of pteridines is examined. The chapter discusses some reactions that are important for measurement of neopterin in biological specimens. The low-weight metabolite neopterin is biosynthetically derived from guanosine triphosphate via 7, 8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate. In vitro, human monocytes/macrophages produce neopterin when stimulated by interferon-γ released from activated T cells. High neopterin levels were observed in clinical settings recognized to involve activation of cell-mediated immunity in acute allograft rejections, viral infections, infections by intracellular parasites and bacteria, autoimmune diseases, and certain malignancies. Studies of neopterin levels in groups at high risk for AIDS and in patients infected with HIV have demonstrated that activation of T lymphocytes and macrophages represents a crucial event for HIV production. In malignant diseases, the degree of neopterin elevation is a measure of the clinical activity and in some tumor types, serves as a measure of the extent of disease. In ovarian cancer, cancer of the uterine cervix, prostatic tumor, and carcinoma of the lung, neopterin is of predictive value.

Neopterin as marker for activation of cellular immunity: immunologic basis and clinical application.

Publisher Summary The liquid phase oxidation of hydrocarbons by molecular oxygen forms the basis for a wide variety of petrochemical processes including the manufacture of phenol and acetone from cumene, adipic acid from cyclohexane, terephthalic acid from p -xylene, acetaldehyde and vinyl acetate from ethylene, and propylene oxide from propylene. The majority of these processes employ catalysis by transition metal complexes to attain maximum selectivity and efficiency. This chapter describes the subject of metal-catalyzed oxidations of organic compounds in the liquid phase, largely within a mechanistic framework. A better understanding of the catalytic action of metal complexes is essential from the point of view of increasing selectivity and efficiency. Metal-catalyzed oxidations may be conveniently divided into two types—homolytic and heterolytic. The homolytic catalysis involves soluble transition metal salts (homogeneous), such as the acetates or naphthenates of Co, Mn, and Cu, or the metal oxides (heterogeneous). Heterolytic catalysis involves reactions of organic substrates coordinated to transition metals.

Metal-Catalyzed Oxidations of Organic Compounds in the Liquid Phase: A Mechanistic Approach

Secondary metabolites of the fluorescent pseudomonads.

Maternal stress induces synaptic loss and developmental disabilities of offspring.

Atypical phenylketonuria due to tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency. Diagnosis and treatment with tetrahydrobiopterin, dihydrobiopterin and sepiapterin.

Der „wasserlosliche rote Augenfarbstoff” von Drosophila melanogaster wurde isoliert und weiter untersucht. Die Papierchromatographie zeigt, dass das Pigment in Wirklichkeit eine Mischung von drei roten, gelborange fluoreszierenden Stoffen ist, deren chemische und physikalische Eigenschaften sehr ahnlich sind. Sowohl die Behandlung dieser Stoffe mit Laugen als auch die Oxydation mit KMnO4 oder NaJO4 bauen alle drei zu Pteridin-8-carbonsaure ab. Demnach ist ihre Zugehorigkeit zur Pterinklasse bewiesen. Diese drei Stoffe werden als Neodrosopterin, Drosopterin und Isodrosopterin bezeichnet.

Fluoreszierende Stoffe aus Drosophila melanogaster: die roten Augenfarbstoffe. 5. Mitteilung

Two regulation systems of the serotonin and dopamine biosynthesis in patients with classical and atypical PKU were investigated. In classical PKU, the serotonin and dopamine biosynthesis is inhibited by high L-phenylalanine in blood and tissues. The dopamine formation in vivo was inhibited by phenylalanine blood concentrations higher than 25 mg/dl: the serotonin formation was inhibited even at a phenylalanine blood concentration of only 8 mg/dl.

Serotonin and dopamine synthesis in phenylketonuria.

Über Pterinchemie. 14. Mitteilung. Neues Verfahren zur Darstellung und Stabilisierung von Tetrahydrofolsäure und Tetrahydropterinen

Es werden die Isolierung von vier fluoreszierenden Stoffen aus Drosophila melanogaster und deren Eigenschaften kurz beschrieben

Max Viscontini

Papers

Atypical phenylketonuria due to tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency. Diagnosis and treatment with tetrahydrobiopterin, dihydrobiopterin and sepiapterin.

Fluoreszierende Stoffe aus Drosophila melanogaster: die roten Augenfarbstoffe. 5. Mitteilung

Serotonin and dopamine synthesis in phenylketonuria.

Über Pterinchemie. 14. Mitteilung. Neues Verfahren zur Darstellung und Stabilisierung von Tetrahydrofolsäure und Tetrahydropterinen

Isolierung fluoreszierender Stoffe aus Drosophila melanogaster. Vorläufige Mitteilung