Author
Maximilian Lackner
Other affiliations: Technische Universität München, University of Vienna
Bio: Maximilian Lackner is an academic researcher from Vienna University of Technology. The author has contributed to research in topics: Combustion & Laser. The author has an hindex of 22, co-authored 72 publications receiving 1487 citations. Previous affiliations of Maximilian Lackner include Technische Universität München & University of Vienna.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: TOLAS has become an accepted technique in the process industries for difficult measurement tasks, because it is compatible with high temperatures, pressures, dust levels and corrosive media as discussed by the authors. And TOLAS is used widely for continuous emission monitoring and process control with over 1,000 field instruments worldwide.
Abstract: The availability of new lasers in the nearand mid infrared spectral region has led to the development of sensors for gas measurements that are now applied extensively in the process industries. Based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TOLAS) molecules like O2, CH* H2O, CO, CO2, NH3, HC1 and HF can be detected in-situ with high selectivity and sensitivity in continuous, real time operation. Using sensitive detection techniques like wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS), often low ppb and ppm concentration measurements with Is integration time are feasible. Detection limits can be improved by using extractive sampling and a long multi-pass cell. TOLAS has become an accepted technique in the process industries for difficult measurement tasks, because it is compatible with high temperatures, pressures, dust levels and corrosive media. Gas concentrations, temperatures, velocities and pressures can be determined. TOLAS is used widely for continuous emission monitoring and process control with over 1,000 field instruments worldwide. In this article, after an introduction to the basics of TOLAS, several interesting applications and installations in various process industrial units with some examples from other industries are reviewed.
247 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at 1064nm with a pulse duration of about 5 nns was used to investigate laser-induced spark ignition of lean methane-hydrogen-air mixtures.
89 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm with a pulse duration of about 5 ns was used for ignition of different hydrogen-air mixtures, using different filling pressures (p=0.5-4.2 MPa ), different ignition energies (pulse energy PE=1-50 mJ ), different chamber temperatures (T=393-473 K ) and different focal length lenses (f=60, 120 mm ).
85 citations
05 Feb 2021
TL;DR: In spite of the fact that a prodigious portion of petroleum covers multitudinous products in the commercial world, its non-biodegradable characteristic is an unenviable factor as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In spite of the fact that a prodigious portion of petroleum covers multitudinous products in the commercial world, its non-biodegradable characteristic is an unenviable factor The utilization of b
80 citations
TL;DR: Genome sequencing showed that UV mutagenesis treatment resulted in a point mutation in the ABC-transport complex, phosphate-specific transport system integral membrane protein A (PstA), which shows potential for industrial production of PHB and also for carbon capture from the atmosphere or point sources.
78 citations
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01 Jan 2007
TL;DR: The Third edition of the Kirk-Othmer encyclopedia of chemical technology as mentioned in this paper was published in 1989, with the title "Kirk's Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology: Chemical Technology".
Abstract: 介绍了Kirk—Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology（化工技术百科全书）（第五版）电子图书网络版数据库，并对该数据库使用方法和检索途径作出了说明，且结合实例简单地介绍了该数据库的检索方法。
2,666 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the basis for each technique, recent developments in methods and performance limitations, and present a performance comparison of different techniques, taking data reported over the preceding decade, and draw conclusions from this benchmarking.
Abstract: The detection and measurement of gas concentrations using the characteristic optical absorption of the gas species is important for both understanding and monitoring a variety of phenomena from industrial processes to environmental change. This study reviews the field, covering several individual gas detection techniques including non-dispersive infrared, spectrophotometry, tunable diode laser spectroscopy and photoacoustic spectroscopy. We present the basis for each technique, recent developments in methods and performance limitations. The technology available to support this field, in terms of key components such as light sources and gas cells, has advanced rapidly in recent years and we discuss these new developments. Finally, we present a performance comparison of different techniques, taking data reported over the preceding decade, and draw conclusions from this benchmarking.
1,293 citations
TL;DR: The current state-of-the-art of analytical LIBS is summarized, providing a contemporary snapshot of LIBS applications, and highlighting new directions in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, such as novel approaches, instrumental developments, and advanced use of chemometric tools are discussed.
Abstract: The first part of this two-part review focused on the fundamental and diagnostics aspects of laser-induced plasmas, only touching briefly upon concepts such as sensitivity and detection limits and largely omitting any discussion of the vast panorama of the practical applications of the technique. Clearly a true LIBS community has emerged, which promises to quicken the pace of LIBS developments, applications, and implementations. With this second part, a more applied flavor is taken, and its intended goal is summarizing the current state-of-the-art of analytical LIBS, providing a contemporary snapshot of LIBS applications, and highlighting new directions in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, such as novel approaches, instrumental developments, and advanced use of chemometric tools. More specifically, we discuss instrumental and analytical approaches (e.g., double- and multi-pulse LIBS to improve the sensitivity), calibration-free approaches, hyphenated approaches in which techniques such as Raman and fluorescence are coupled with LIBS to increase sensitivity and information power, resonantly enhanced LIBS approaches, signal processing and optimization (e.g., signal-to-noise analysis), and finally applications. An attempt is made to provide an updated view of the role played by LIBS in the various fields, with emphasis on applications considered to be unique. We finally try to assess where LIBS is going as an analytical field, where in our opinion it should go, and what should still be done for consolidating the technique as a mature method of chemical analysis.
1,159 citations
TL;DR: The FDML laser is ideal for swept-source OCT imaging, thus enabling high imaging speeds and large imaging depths, and dynamic linewidths are narrow enough to enable imaging over a 7 mm depth with only a 7.5 dB decrease in sensitivity.
Abstract: We demonstrate a new technique for frequency-swept laser operation--Fourier domain mode locking (FDML)--and its application for swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. FDML is analogous to active laser mode locking for short pulse generation, except that the spectrum rather than the amplitude of the light field is modulated. High-speed, narrowband optical frequency sweeps are generated with a repetition period equal to the fundamental or a harmonic of cavity round-trip time. An FDML laser is constructed using a long fiber ring cavity, a semiconductor optical amplifier, and a tunable fiber Fabry-Perot filter. Effective sweep rates of up to 290 kHz are demonstrated with a 105 nm tuning range at 1300 nm center wavelength. The average output power is 3mW directly from the laser and 20 mW after post-amplification. Using the FDML laser for swept-source OCT, sensitivities of 108 dB are achieved and dynamic linewidths are narrow enough to enable imaging over a 7 mm depth with only a 7.5 dB decrease in sensitivity. We demonstrate swept-source OCT imaging with acquisition rates of up to 232,000 axial scans per second. This corresponds to 906 frames/second with 256 transverse pixel images, and 3.5 volumes/second with a 256x128x256 voxel element 3-DOCT data set. The FDML laser is ideal for swept-source OCT imaging, thus enabling high imaging speeds and large imaging depths.
1,026 citations