Maysa Helena de Aguiar Toloni

Bio: Maysa Helena de Aguiar Toloni is an academic researcher from Universidade Federal de Lavras. The author has contributed to research in topics: Day care & Odds ratio. The author has an hindex of 11, co-authored 26 publications receiving 285 citations. Previous affiliations of Maysa Helena de Aguiar Toloni include Federal University of São Paulo & University of Porto.

Introdução de alimentos industrializados e de alimentos de uso tradicional na dieta de crianças de creches públicas no município de São Paulo

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study described and discussed the introduction of processed foods to the diets of children attending the nurseries of daycare centers, considering the recommendation of the Ministry of Health for a healthy diet. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 270 children attending nurseries of eight public and not-for-profit daycare centers in Sao Paulo city. A pre-coded and structured 11-question questionnaire was used to evaluate the introduction of processed foods. For each type of food analyzed, the corresponding age in months was recorded as well as assessed as to whether it was in agreement with the 8th step of the Dietary Guide. The chi-square test was used for determining the associations. The studied variables were mother's age, education level and working status and family income. RESULTS: The results showed that approximately 2/3 of the studied children under 12 months of age were offered foods with obesogenic potential, such as instant noodles, snacks, sandwich cookies, powdered juice, soft drinks and candy/lollipop/chocolate bars. Children born to younger mothers, with low education level and lower income are most vulnerable to the feeding error of introducing processed foods prematurely. CONCLUSION: These results show that educational and preventive actions should be proposed to build healthy eating habits from childhood. Efficient and in-depth campaigns aiming at promoting the consumption of fruits and vegetables are also needed, taking into consideration the cultural, behavioral and emotional factors associated with diet.

Introduction of soft drinks and processed juice in the diet of infants attending public day care centers

Abstract: Objective: Identifying at what age infants enrolled in public day care centers are introduced to soft drinks and industrialized juice, as well as comparing the nutritional composition of these goods with natural fruit juice. Methods: A cross-sectional study with the mothers of 636 children (aged 0 to 36 months) from nurseries of day care centers, who were asked questions about the age of feeding introduction. This study evaluated the proximate composition of soft drinks and artificial juice, comparing them with those of natural fruit juice regarding energy, sugar, fiber, vitamin C, and sodium values. The chemical composition of fruit juice was obtained by consulting the Table of Food Composition and, for industrialized drinks, the average nutritional information on the labels of the five most consumed product brands. Results: The artificial drinks were consumed before the first year of life by more than half of the children studied, however, approximately 10% consumed them before the age of 6 months. With regard to the comparison among the drinks, artificial fruit juice beverages and soft drinks proved to contain from nine to 13 times higher amounts of sodium, and 15 times less vitamin C than natural juices. Conclusions: The introduction of soft drinks and industrialized juice in the diet of infants was inopportune and premature.. When compared to natural fruit juice, these have inferior nutritional composition, which suggests the urgent need for measures based on

Age at introduction of ultra-processed food among preschool children attending day-care centers.

Abstract: Objective To identify the age of introduction of ultra-processed food and its associated factors among preschool children Methods Cross-sectional study carried out from March to June 2014 with 359 preschool children aged 17 to 63 months attending day-care centers Time until ultra-processed food introduction (outcome variable) was described by the Kaplan–Meier analysis, and the log-rank test was used to compare the survival functions of independent variables Factors associated with ultra-processed food introduction were investigated using the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model The results were shown as hazard ratios with their respective 95% confidence intervals Results The median time until ultra-processed food introduction was six months Between the 3rd and 6th months, there is a significant increase in the probability of introducing ultra-processed food in the children's diet; and while the probability in the 3rd month varies from 015 to 025, at six months the variation ranges from 06 to 10 The final Cox proportional hazards model showed that unplanned pregnancy (132 [105–165]), absence of prenatal care (250 [102–616]), and income >2 minimum wages (1, 50 [109–206]) were independent risk factors for the introduction of ultra-processed food Conclusion Up to the 6th month of life, approximately 75% of preschool children had received one or more ultra-processed food in their diet In addition, it was observed that the poorest families, as well as unfavorable prenatal factors, were associated with early introduction of ultra-processed food

Fatores de risco para perda ponderal de crianças frequentadoras de berçários em creches do município de São Paulo

Abstract: Objective: To identify and quantify risk factors related to the aggravation of nutritional condition from birth until the date of the study Methods: Cross-sectional study with 270 children attending nurseries of eight public and non-for-profit daycare centers in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil Ponderal loss was considered when children presented negative difference of Z score for weight-for-age (W/A) from birth until the date of the present inquiry Chi-square was used to test associations and considered significant if p<005 Multivariate logistic regression model adjusted Odds Ratio estimates for confounding variables and/or covariables Results: Anthropometric analysis showed 71% prevalence of malnutrition (W/A<-2 Z score) at birth and 44% by the time of measurement Ponderal evolution with unfavorable Z score was present in 507% of studied children (n=137) In the bivariate analyses, the variables: birth weight (OR=535; p<0001), anemia (OR=181; p=0019) and age less than 19 months (OR=167; p=0036) were statistically significant

The United Nations Children's Fund

Abstract: The United Nations Children's Fund, or UNICEF, was originally created to provide relief for children in countries devastated by the destruction of World War II. After 1950, UNICEF turned to focus on general programs for the improvement of children's welfare worldwide, and in 1965, it was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace for its humanitarian efforts. The organization concentrates on areas in which relatively small expenditures can have a significant impact on the lives of the most disadvantaged children in developing countries, such as the prevention and treatment of disease, child healthcare, malnutrition, illiteracy, and other welfare services.

The computer program

Abstract: A computer program is a series of coded instructions for the computer to obey and represent a method of processing data. Programs can't be written in English. They must first be written using a special language called a programming language. A PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE (e.g. BASIC, PASCAL, and C+) consists of a set of codes and rules which can be used to construct commands for the computer. These commands are read and translated into electronic pulses needed to make the computer work. Programs are written by programmers. A computer language is a set of instructions used for writing computer programs. There are THREE (3) levels of languages: 1. MACHINE LANGUAGE – this was the first language available for programming. It varies from one computer to another, but the basic principles are the same. MACHINE LANGUAGE PROGRAMS are written using a series of 0's and 1's i.e. using a BINARY SYSTEM. All programs written today must be translated into machine language before they can be executed (used) by the computer. EXAMPLE: 110110001 2. ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE / LOW LEVEL LANGUAGE – these were developed to replace the 0's and 1's of machine language with symbols that are easier to understand and remember. Like with machine language, Assembly language varies form one make of computer to another so that a program written in one assembly language will not run on another make of computer. EXAMPLE: LDA 300 ADD 400 STA 500 3. HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE – these differ from low level languages in that they require less coding detail and make programs easier to write. High level languages are designed for the solution of problems in one ore more areas of the application and are commonly described as application-oriented or problem-oriented languages. High level languages are not machine dependant. Programs written in a high level language must be translated to a form which can be accepted by that computer, i.e.

Pregnancy intentions, maternal behaviors, and infant health: investigating relationships with new measures and propensity score analysis

Abstract: This study examines the associations between U.S. mothers’ pregnancy intentions, their pregnancy-related health behaviors and their infants’ health at birth.

Amamantamiento materno, alimentación complementaria, sobrepeso y obesidad en preescolares

Abstract: OBJETIVO: Analizar la asociacion del sobrepeso y de la obesidad con el amamantamiento materno y la alimentacion complementaria en preescolares. METODOS: Estudio transversal envolviendo 566 ninos matriculados en escuelas privadas en el municipio de Sao Paulo (Sureste de Brasil), 2004-2005. La variable dependiente fue sobrepeso y obesidad. Para la clasificacion del estado nutricional de los ninos fueron utilizadas las curvas de percentiles del indice de masa corporal para edad, clasificando como sobrepeso valores ?P85 y