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Md. Farhad Hossain

Bio: Md. Farhad Hossain is an academic researcher from Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology. The author has contributed to research in topics: Cellular network & Efficient energy use. The author has an hindex of 14, co-authored 67 publications receiving 555 citations. Previous affiliations of Md. Farhad Hossain include Bangladesh University & University of Sydney.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper investigates the techno-economic feasibility of integrated renewable energy powered off-grid cellular base stations (BSs) taking into the account of stochastic behavior of RE generation and traffic intensity for remote areas in Bangladesh and demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed system performance pertaining to net present cost and energy savings.
Abstract: With the growing awareness of environmental implications and fossil fuel crisis, renewable energy harvesting (EH) technology has shown remarkable aptitude in green cellular networking and is expected to be pervasively utilized by telecom operators aiming to reduce carbon footprints. To take the full advantage of renewable EH technology, we proposed an energy sustainable paradigm to address energy self-reliance, eco-sustainability, and minimize the networks energy cost while meeting the quality of service requirements. This paper investigates the techno-economic feasibility of integrated renewable energy powered off-grid cellular base stations (BSs) taking into the account of stochastic behavior of RE generation and traffic intensity for remote areas in Bangladesh. Thereafter, a hybrid energy cooperation framework is formulated to optimally determine the quantities of RE exchanged among BSs via physically installed power cables. Under the proposed framework, each BS is equipped with on-site solar module/wind turbine coupled with an independent storage device, whereas collocated BSs are inter-connected through resistive lines. Extensive simulation is carried out for evaluating optimal system architecture, energy yield analysis, and cost assessment in the context of downlink long-term evolution cellular networks varying different system parameters. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system performance pertaining to net present cost and energy savings. Finally, a comprehensive comparison with other schemes is provided for further validation.

55 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper presents a comprehensive survey on the most recent advances in C-RAN research focusing on the analysis and enhancement of its various major aspects, including throughput enhancement, interference management, energy efficiency, latency, security and system cost reduction.

54 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
28 Mar 2011
TL;DR: A novel energy efficient cellular access network architecture based on the principle of ecological proto-cooperation is proposed and for the first time, the wake-up technology is introduced to cellular access networks for implementing the proposed cooperative architecture.
Abstract: Improving energy efficiency, reducing carbon footprint and self-sustainability are key concerns in the design and development of future green communication networks. Therefore, in this paper, a novel energy efficient cellular access network architecture based on the principle of ecological proto-cooperation is proposed. Furthermore, for the first time, the wake-up technology is introduced to cellular access networks for implementing the proposed cooperative architecture. According to our proposal, base transceiver stations (BTSs) cooperatively and dynamically make intelligent decisions for switching between different power modes depending on network traffic conditions. Next, an extensive simulation process under different traffic patterns is carried out for identifying network parameters corresponding to optimal energy savings. The analysis of results reveals that the proposed architecture is capable of substantially reducing the energy consumption. In addition, as a secondary result, the proposed architecture offers an additional level of sustainability to the cellular access network infrastructure.

47 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A distributed cooperative framework among base stations (BS) with load balancing (dubbed as inter-BS for simplicity) for improving energy efficiency of OFDMA-based cellular access networks demonstrates a significant enhancement in network energy efficiency yielding a much higher savings than the compared schemes.
Abstract: We propose a distributed cooperative framework among base stations (BS) with load balancing (dubbed as inter-BS for simplicity) for improving energy efficiency of OFDMA-based cellular access networks Proposed inter-BS cooperation is formulated following the principle of ecological self-organization Based on the network traffic, BSs mutually cooperate for distributing traffic among themselves and thus, the number of active BSs is dynamically adjusted for energy savings For reducing the number of inter-BS communications, a three-step measure is taken by using estimated load factor (LF), initializing the algorithm with only the active BSs and differentiating neighboring BSs according to their operating modes for distributing traffic An exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA)-based technique is proposed for estimating the LF in advance based on the historical data Various selection schemes for finding the best BSs to distribute traffic are also explored Furthermore, we present an analytical formulation for modeling the dynamic switching of BSs A thorough investigation under a wide range of network settings is carried out in the context of an LTE system Results demonstrate a significant enhancement in network energy efficiency yielding a much higher savings than the compared schemes Moreover, frequency of inter-BS correspondences can be reduced by over 80%

47 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper investigates the benefits of unevenly harvested green energy sharing mechanism under zero fuel consumption scheme via physically installed resistive power lines taking into account of dynamic nature of renewable energy (RE) generation and traffic arrival density.
Abstract: In this paper, we focus on an essential energy management approach for enhancing energy efficiency (EE) as well as reducing fuel consumption of off-grid cellular networks whose base stations (BSs) are supplied with hybrid power sources including solar PV array and diesel generator (DG). To take the full advantage of PV technology, this paper examines the reliability performance and carbon footprint implications in addition to EE. This paper also investigates the benefits of unevenly harvested green energy sharing mechanism under zero fuel consumption scheme via physically installed resistive power lines taking into account of dynamic nature of renewable energy (RE) generation and traffic arrival density. Furthermore, joint transmission coordinated multipoint (JT-CoMP) user association technique is integrated for achieving higher throughput and EE performance providing the best SINR quality to a connected user equipment (UE). A comprehensive Monte-Carlo based simulation study has been carried out for evaluating EE, EE index (EEI), and energy saving performances in downlink LTE-advanced networks under a wide range of network settings. The results reveal that the proposed system can attain up to 26% energy savings via cooperation mechanism and 48.7% more energy efficient in terms of EEI under peak load over the conventional hybrid paradigm.

41 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
B.B. Bauer1
01 Apr 1963

897 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The potential open issues for underlay HetNets to improve SE and EE when combining with energy harvesting and cloud computing are outlined.
Abstract: By deploying additional low power nodes (LPNs) within the coverage area of traditional high power nodes (HPNs) and bringing them closer to users, underlay heterogeneous networks (HetNets) can significantly boost the overall spectral efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE) through a full spatial resource reuse. Considering that the severe intra-tier interference among dense LPNs and inter-tier interference between LPNs and HPNs are challenging the successful rollout and commercial operations of underlay HetNets, a great emphasis is given towards advanced techniques that take interference control, radio resource allocation, and self-organization into account to enhance both SE and EE in this paper. The interference control techniques presented in this paper are classified as the spatial interference coordination at the transmitter and the interference cancelation at the receiver. For the radio resource allocation, the multi-dimensional optimization, cross-layer optimization, and cooperative radio resource management are comprehensively summarized. The self-configuration, self-optimization, and self-healing techniques for the self-organized underlay HetNets are surveyed. Furthermore, this paper outlines the potential open issues for underlay HetNets to improve SE and EE when combining with energy harvesting and cloud computing.

185 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An overview of potential network architecture and several promising techniques which could be employed in the future 5G systems are presented and the state-of-art and implementation issue of these techniques are addressed.
Abstract: The fourth generation (4G) mobile communication systems are offering service worldwide steadily. Although 4G systems could be loaded with much more services and data than previous systems, there is still a dramatic gap between the peoples practical requirements and what can be offered by the 4G technologies. Consequently, the research and development for the fifth generation (5G) systems have already been started. This article presents an overview of potential network architecture and highlights several promising techniques which could be employed in the future 5G systems. These techniques include non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), massive multiple input and multiple output (MIMO), cooperative communications and network coding, full duplex (FD), device-to-device (D2D) communications, millimeter wave communications, automated network organization, cognitive radio (CR), and green communications. The state-of-art and implementation issue of these techniques are also addressed.

178 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work considers that the wireless users are uniformly distributed in the network, and proposes an optimal location-based operation scheme by gradually turning off the SBSs closer to the MBS, to achieve near-optimum power consumption in polynomial time.
Abstract: Traditional macrocell networks are experiencing an upsurge of data traffic, and small-cells are deployed to help offload the traffic from macrocells. Given the massive deployment of small-cells in a macrocell, the aggregate power consumption of small-cells (though being low individually) can be larger than that of the macrocell. Compared to the macrocell base station (MBS) whose power consumption increases significantly with its traffic load, the power consumption of a small-cell base station (SBS) is relatively flat and independent of its load. To reduce the total power consumption of the heterogeneous networks (HetNets), we dynamically change the operating states (on and off) of the SBSs, while keeping the MBS on to avoid any service failure outside active small-cells. First, we consider that the wireless users are uniformly distributed in the network, and propose an optimal location-based operation scheme by gradually turning off the SBSs closer to the MBS. We then extend the operation problem to a more general case where users are nonuniformly distributed in the network. Although this problem is NP-hard, we propose a joint location and user density based operation scheme to achieve near-optimum (with less than 1% performance loss in our simulations) in polynomial time.

129 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The metrics used in the related literature for performance evaluation are summarised and the current approaches proposed by reviewing a good number of references from literature are described.
Abstract: Energy consumption of wireless networks is now a very important research topic and several research teams worldwide are proposing solutions for the so-called green wireless networks, i.e. energy-efficient wireless networks. Although the increase of this research activity is rather recent, a great number of research papers and collaborative projects exist nowadays. We first summarise the metrics used in the related literature for performance evaluation. Then, we focus on describing the current approaches proposed by reviewing a good number of references from literature. The main research directions are presented: the component level research, where the efforts are mainly concentrated on the power amplifier section; the cell layout adaptation including the cell-breathing technique and coverage extension methods like femtocells and relays; in addition, we also include the radio resource management and the cognitive radio into the studied approaches. These methods are analysed, compared, classified and then a framework of classification and integration is proposed. We finally describe some major collaborative projects dedicated to this topic.

122 citations