Towards sustainable smart cities: A review of trends, architectures, components, and open challenges in smart cities

Internet of Things security

The surge in global population is compelling a shift toward smart agriculture practices. This coupled with the diminishing natural resources, limited availability of arable land, increase in unpredictable weather conditions makes food security a major concern for most countries. As a result, the use of Internet of Things (IoT) and data analytics (DA) are employed to enhance the operational efficiency and productivity in the agriculture sector. There is a paradigm shift from use of wireless sensor network (WSN) as a major driver of smart agriculture to the use of IoT and DA. The IoT integrates several existing technologies, such as WSN, radio frequency identification, cloud computing, middleware systems, and end-user applications. In this paper, several benefits and challenges of IoT have been identified. We present the IoT ecosystem and how the combination of IoT and DA is enabling smart agriculture. Furthermore, we provide future trends and opportunities which are categorized into technological innovations, application scenarios, business, and marketability.

An Overview of Internet of Things (IoT) and Data Analytics in Agriculture: Benefits and Challenges

Internet of Things (IoT) technology has attracted much attention in recent years for its potential to alleviate the strain on healthcare systems caused by an aging population and a rise in chronic illness. Standardization is a key issue limiting progress in this area, and thus this paper proposes a standard model for application in future IoT healthcare systems. This survey paper then presents the state-of-the-art research relating to each area of the model, evaluating their strengths, weaknesses, and overall suitability for a wearable IoT healthcare system. Challenges that healthcare IoT faces including security, privacy, wearability, and low-power operation are presented, and recommendations are made for future research directions.

Internet of Things for Smart Healthcare: Technologies, Challenges, and Opportunities

https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1069&context=ele_facpubs

Towards fog-driven IoT eHealth: Promises and challenges of IoT in medicine and healthcare

The Internet of Things (IoT) makes smart objects the ultimate building blocks in the development of cyber-physical smart pervasive frameworks. The IoT has a variety of application domains, including health care. The IoT revolution is redesigning modern health care with promising technological, economic, and social prospects. This paper surveys advances in IoT-based health care technologies and reviews the state-of-the-art network architectures/platforms, applications, and industrial trends in IoT-based health care solutions. In addition, this paper analyzes distinct IoT security and privacy features, including security requirements, threat models, and attack taxonomies from the health care perspective. Further, this paper proposes an intelligent collaborative security model to minimize security risk; discusses how different innovations such as big data, ambient intelligence, and wearables can be leveraged in a health care context; addresses various IoT and eHealth policies and regulations across the world to determine how they can facilitate economies and societies in terms of sustainable development; and provides some avenues for future research on IoT-based health care based on a set of open issues and challenges.

The Internet of Things for Health Care: A Comprehensive Survey

Molecular communication in nanonetworks is an emerging communication paradigm that uses molecules as information carriers. In molecule shift keying (MoSK), where different types of molecules are used for encoding, transmitter and receiver complexities increase as the modulation order increases. We propose a modulation technique called depleted MoSK (D-MoSK) in which, molecules are released if the information bit is 1 and no molecule is released for 0. The proposed scheme enjoys reduced number of the types of molecules for encoding. Numerical results show that the achievable rate is considerably higher and symbol error rate (SER) performance is better in the proposed technique.

D-MoSK Modulation in Molecular Communications

Networking community is largely depend on simulation to evaluate the behavior and performance of protocols for wireless networks, simulations are a good compromise between cost and complexity, on the one hand, and accuracy of the results, on the other hand. Since there are many simulators for wireless networks, it is often difficult to decide which simulator to choose. To help shed light on this issue, we discuss six “Widely Used” network simulation tools along with their associated strengths and weakness. To determine the state of wireless networks simulation studies, we surveyed the several primer conferences papers from years 2000-2008.  From our survey, we found some important pitfalls and issues. We then summarize simulation study pitfalls found in our survey. Finally, we present our research results with the hope to aid developers in the selection of an appropriate simulation tool and to show them how to avoid common pitfalls to improve the reliability and repeatability of simulation based studies.

A Case Study of Networks Simulation Tools for Wireless Networks

Molecules serve as information carriers in molecular communications. Information bits are encoded by varying the concentration of molecules. The information bits thus encoded are conveyed to the receiver through molecular diffusion. A ligand-receptor receiver measures the concentration of the molecules in order to retrieve the information. In this reported work, a memory channel using first-order Markov chain is developed. A methodical approach to calculate channel capacity is followed. Also, a closed form capacity equation has been derived.

https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1049/el.2013.1948

Molecular nanonetwork channel model

The IEEE 802.15.4 standard is a short range wireless technology. As a revision to this standard, IEEE 802.15.4a introduces new options for PHY (physical layer) to enable ranging. In this paper, we investigate the theoretical maximum throughput and minimum delay of the un-slotted version of 802.15.4a using CSS (Chirp Spread Spectrum) PHY. The throughput and delay limits are derived for different frequency bands and data rates along with the formulae. Moreover, we calculate the bandwidth efficiency for both the standards. The comparative analysis concludes that the performance of 802.15.4a surpasses 802.15.4 in terms of throughput and delay.

Md. Humaun Kabir

Papers

The Internet of Things for Health Care: A Comprehensive Survey

D-MoSK Modulation in Molecular Communications

A Case Study of Networks Simulation Tools for Wireless Networks

Molecular nanonetwork channel model

Throughput, delay and bandwidth efficiency of IEEE 802.15.4a using CSS PHY