Production of biodiesel through optimized alkaline-catalyzed transesterification of rapeseed oil

Method for producing fatty acid methyl ester, including compounding saturated and unsaturated higher fatty substances from at least one of vegetable and animal with an alkaline solution dissolved in alcohol to form a mixture. The method also includes emulsifying the mixture to reach a chemical balance state in a reaction section, wherein fats are transesterified into fatty acid methyl ester, wherein border surfaces of the mixture are enlarged by dynamic turbulence in the reaction section and the transesterification is performed under pressure, and wherein the pressure is reduced during transesterification. The method further includes after reaching a chemical balance state, separating residues from the fatty acid methyl ester in a phase separation section. Apparatus for producing fatty acid methyl ester.

Method for producing fatty acid methyl ester and equipment for realising the same

Biodiesel, which consists of the fatty acid esters of simple alcohols, is a potential replacement for a portion of thediesel fuel used in transportation. It is produced from both used (oil that has been utilized for frying and discarded) and newvegetable and animal fats and oils. It has several advantages. Among these advantages are its classification as a renewableresource, its ability to reduce HC, CO, and CO2 exhaust emissions, its nontoxic character, and its biodegradability. One ofthe keys to making biodiesel a viable and profitable energy source is the use of a continuous flow transesterification processto reduce time and cost, thereby increasing production and profit. A continuous flow esterification process for producing biodiesel from rapeseed oil and ethanol was investigated. Theequipment consisted of an oil metering pump, centrifugal mixing pump, ethanol and catalyst metering pump, static mixers,laddertype retention reactor, water injection system, and continuous flow centrifugal separating system. The oil feed ratewas 0.38 L/min that yields about three times the weekly production of the existing batch type transesterification system thatproduces 945 L (250 gal) per batch. It was anticipated that if methanol were used instead of ethanol that the flow rate couldbe considerably increased. The system in its present configuration has met ASTM PS12199 standard for free and total glycerol. The centrifugalseparation resulted in release of excessive alcohol vapors. A vapor recovery and condensing system should be installed. Thislatter system could help further reduce costs of the biodiesel produced by recycling some of the alcohol used.

Continuous flow biodiesel production

A high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for quantifying blends of biodiesel (simple alkyl esters of fatty acids) in petrodiesel. The method uses a silica column with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of hexane and methyl t-butyl ether. Separated components were quantitated using either an evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) or UV detector. Precision of injection and linearity of response of the ELSD and UV detectors over a range of biodiesel-petrodiesel blends [1–30 v/v %] were established by use of standards. The method also can be used for quantitating similar levels of oils or fats (triacylglycerols) in petrodiesel.

Determination of Biodiesel and Triacylglycerols in Diesel Fuel by LC

An important fuel criterion for biodiesel is bound glycerol, which is a function of the residual amount of triglycerides and partial glycerides in the biodiesel. Either high-temperature gas chromatography or high performance liquid chromatography can be used for determining these minor but important components in biodiesel. In this paper we have conducted a statistical study on the accuracy of the two methods for ascertaining the bound glycerol in biodiesel fuels obtained from different feedstocks. Analysis of variance showed that with one exception, namely diacylglycerols in some soy oil based biodiesel, there was no statistical difference in bound glycerol for the biodiesel samples analyzed or a difference between methods. Operationally, the high performance liquid chromatographic method is superior to the high temperature gas chromatographic method in that it requires no sample derivatization, has shorter analysis times, and is directly applicable to most biodiesel fuels.

Comparison of Chromatographic Methods for the Determination of Bound Glycerol in Biodiesel

Over the last few years fa,l.tj acid methyl earzxa have asaum*rl inlportanie as research has intensified on the utilization o i vegetable oil8 and animal fats derisarives fiom liquid hlels (bet.tw known a5 hiodi~srl) . Traditional ba*t,ch processing has been m d still is rhr mort widely ~med process fur this i.onvn.rian. Xtx-and more efficient processing schemes. for Isle scale prodnction of bioiliesel for file1 parpases, is a. key for commercialization of biodierzl. In i,hia study a continnous process for the traniesterification of triglycerides 10 methyl r r t w was in-iestigated. This process is based an s combined high shear and motionless reactor system The experimental studies rxplorrd the variations in the mixing intensity, stoichiometry and cata,lyst concentratior, an the o?rrall ranversion.

/pdf/a-continuous-process-for-the-conversion-of-vegetable-oils-47knjj5qdr.pdf

Medikonduru

Papers

A Continuous Process for the Conversion of Vegetable Oils into Biodiesel