Meghan Hockey

TL;DR: The nascent nature of the nutritional psychiatry field to date means that the existing literature identified is largely comprised of preclinical animal studies, and intervention studies that assess markers related to these pathways within clinically diagnosed human populations are needed.

TL;DR: In this paper, an umbrella review with integrated meta-analyses investigated the association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and a range of health outcomes based on meta-analysis of observational data.

TL;DR: These results do not support the use of probiotic, prebiotic, and fermented food interventions for cognitive outcomes and further trials that investigate these interventions in clinical populations using adequately powered samples are warranted.

TL;DR: Findings were mixed, with one study reporting a positive association; five studies reporting no association; and seven studies reporting mixed associations depending on dairy type, gender or population group.

TL;DR: To understand the possible direct effects of these regimens on gut microbiota, further rigorously designed trials, with more standardised microbiological sequencing techniques and detailed reporting, are required.