Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxicity properties of keys and cores part of Pandanus tectorius fruits

In vitro-Scientific evaluation on antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic properties and phytochemical constituents of traditional coastal medicinal plants.

Pandanus odoratissimus Linn. (family: Pandanaceae) is traditionally recommended by the Indian Ayurvedic medicines for treatment of headache, rheumatism, spasm, cold/flu, epilepsy, wounds, boils, scabies, leucoderma, ulcers, colic, hepatitis, smallpox, leprosy, syphilis, and cancer and as a cardiotonic, antioxidant, dysuric, and aphrodisiac. It contains phytochemicals, namely, lignans and isoflavones, coumestrol, alkaloids, steroids, carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, glycosides, proteins, amino acids as well as vitamins and nutrients, and so forth. It is having immense importance in nutrition. A 100 g edible Pandanus pericarp is mainly comprised of water and carbohydrates (80 and 17 g, resp.) and protein (1.3 mg), fat (0.7 mg), and fiber (3.5 g). Pandanus fruits paste provides 321 kilocalories, protein (2.2 g), calcium (134 mg), phosphorus (108 mg), iron (5.7 mg), thiamin (0.04 mg), vitamin C (5 mg), and beta-carotene (19 to 19,000 μg) (a carotenoid that is a precursor to vitamin A). Pandanus fruit is an important source of vitamins C, B1, B2, B3, and so forth, usually prepared as a Pandanus floured drink. Traditional claims were scientifically evaluated by the various authors and the phytochemical profile of plant parts was well established. The methods for analytical estimations were developed. However, there is paucity of systematic compilation of scientifically important information about this plant. In the present review we have systematically reviewed and compiled information of pharmacognostic, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, nutritional aspects, and analytical methods. This review will enrich knowledge leading the way into the discovery of new therapeutic agents with improved and intriguing pharmacological properties.

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Pandanus odoratissimus (Kewda): A Review on Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, and Nutritional Aspects.

Kummerowia striata (K. striata) is used as a traditional medicine for inflammation-related therapy. To determine whether it has beneficial anti-melanogenic and anti-oxidant activities, we investigated the biological activities of the ethanol extract of Kummerowia striata (EKS) using a variety of in vitro and cell culture model systems. The anti-melanogenic activity was assessed in B16F10 melanoma cells in terms of melanin synthesis and in vitro tyrosinase inhibitory activity. The anti-oxidant assays were performed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS). EKS showed strong anti-oxidant activities in DPPH and ABTS assays. The mRNA transcription levels and protein expression levels of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1, tyrosinase-related protein 2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor decreased in a dose-dependent manner with EKS treatment. Additionally, EKS did not affect cell viability at different concentrations used in this study, indicating that the mechanism of action of EKS-mediated inhibition of melanin synthesis does not involve cytotoxicity. Also, we confirmed that p-coumaric acid and quercetin are important compounds for anti-melanogenesis and antioxidant properties of EKS. Collectively, our findings demonstrate for the first time that EKS possesses anti-melanogenic and anti-oxidant activities. Further evaluation and development of EKS as a functional supplement or cosmetic may be useful for skin whitening and reducing wrinkles.

Anti-melanogenic and anti-oxidant activities of ethanol extract of Kummerowia striata: Kummerowia striata regulate anti-melanogenic activity through down-regulation of TRP-1, TRP-2 and MITF expression.

Recent developments of heavy metals detection in traditional Chinese medicine by atomic spectrometry

Fifteen (1-15) compounds including ten phenolic compounds and five flavonoids were isolated from the fruits of Pandanus tectorius. All of the compounds were isolated and purified by various column chromatographies especially by semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Their structures were determined under the aid of spectral methods. All compounds were isolated from this medicinal plant for the first time. The biological activities of some compounds were discussed according to the results of related literature.

	 

	Key words: Pandanus tectorius Soland, Pandanaceae, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, biological activities.

https://africaneditors.org/journal/JMPR/full-text-pdf/09125-127227

Phenolic compounds and flavonoids from the fruits of Pandanus tectorius Soland

The human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) epidemic is one of the world's most serious health challenges. Although combination antiretroviral therapy provides effective viral suppression, current medicines used against HIV cannot completely eradicate the infectious disease and often have associated toxicities and severe side effects in addition to causing drug resistance. Therefore, the continued development of new antiviral agents with diverse structures and novel mechanisms of action remains a vital need for the management of HIV/AIDS. Natural products are an important source of drug discovery, and certain triterpenes and their analogs have demonstrated potential as pharmaceutical precursors for the treatment of HIV. Over the past decade, natural triterpenoids and analogs have been extensively studied to find new anti-HIV drugs. This review discusses the anti-HIV triterpenoids and analogs reported during the period of 2009-2019. The article includes not only a comprehensive review of the recent anti-HIV agent development from the perspective of medicinal chemistry, but also discusses structure-activity relationship analyses of the described triterpenoids.

Recent advances in natural anti‐HIV triterpenoids and analogs

Two new phenolic compounds, Pandanusphenol A ( 1) and B (2), were obtained from the fruits of Pandanus tectorius. Their structures including absolute configuration s were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis including 2D NMR experiments (H-H COSY, HMBC, and NOESY) and HRESIMS results as well as CD data. The substituted pattern of two methoxy groups on the phenyl ring of Pandan usphenol A (1) is rarely seen in natural furofuran lignans.

Pandanusphenol A and B: two new phenolic compounds from the fruits of pandanus tectorius Soland

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100375

A comprehensive review on the pretreatment and detection methods of neonicotinoid insecticides in food and environmental samples

Mycotoxin contamination in edible and medicinal plants seeds is a potential toxicological concern for consumers. A novel, green and efficient defatting and de-pigment clean-up pretreatment was first developed for the simultaneous determination of 31 mycotoxins via freeze-out combined with solid-phase extraction. Combination of freeze-out and solid-phase extraction can achieve a double clean-up effect: defatting and depigmenting. The combination of the two can achieve a double clean-up effect. Excellent performance characteristics of method validation, inter- and intra-day precision (RSD <10%), and recovery (79.5–125.1%) were obtained, fulfilling the current legislation. Alarmingly, of the 117 batches of samples, more than 30% contained more than one kind of mycotoxin, 7.69% of which were detected at levels exceeding the limits defined in the European Pharmacopoeia, and four of which were detected at levels over five times higher than the maximum residue level. Furthermore, two risk assessment methods identified aflatoxins and Zearalenone as the most risk-inducing mycotoxins in these matrices. This is the first report on the contamination status and risk assessment of multi-mycotoxins in six edible and medicinal plant seeds (Coicis Semen, Semen Perisicae, Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, Cassiae Semen, malt and nutmeg). The presented method has unique advantages for evaluating multi-mycotoxin exposure in edible and medicinal plant seeds or other oil-rich matrices. 

Contamination status and health risk assessment of 31 mycotoxins in six edible and medicinal plants using a novel green defatting and depigmenting pretreatment coupled with LC-MS/MS

Meihua Yang

Papers

Phenolic compounds and flavonoids from the fruits of Pandanus tectorius Soland

Recent advances in natural anti‐HIV triterpenoids and analogs

Pandanusphenol A and B: two new phenolic compounds from the fruits of pandanus tectorius Soland

A comprehensive review on the pretreatment and detection methods of neonicotinoid insecticides in food and environmental samples

Contamination status and health risk assessment of 31 mycotoxins in six edible and medicinal plants using a novel green defatting and depigmenting pretreatment coupled with LC-MS/MS