An Introduction to Codes and Coding Chapter Summary Purposes of the Manual What Is a Code? Codifying and Categorizing What Gets Coded? The Mechanics of Coding The Numbers of Codes Manual and CAQDAS Coding Solo and Team Coding Necessary Personal Attributes for Coding On Method Writing Analytic Memos Chapter Summary The Purposes of Analytic Memo-Writing What Is an Analytic Memo? Examples of Analytic Memos Coding and Categorizing Analytic Memos Grounded Theory and Its Coding Canon Analytic Memos on Visual Data First-Cycle Coding Methods Chapter Summary The Coding Cycles Selecting the Appropriate Coding Method(s) Overview of First-Cycle Coding Methods The Coding Methods Profiles Grammatical Methods Elemental Methods Affective Methods Literary and Language Methods Exploratory Methods Forms for Additional First-Cycle Coding Methods Theming the Data Procedural Methods After First-Cycle Coding Chapter Summary Post-Coding Transitions Eclectic Coding Code Mapping and Landscaping Operational Model Diagramming Additional Transition Methods Transitioning to Second-Cycle Coding Methods Second-Cycle Coding Methods Chapter Summary The Goals of Second-Cycle Methods Overview of Second-Cycle Coding Methods Second-Cycle Coding Methods Forms for Additional Second-Cycle Coding Methods After Second-Cycle Coding Chapter Summary Post-Coding and Pre-Writing Transitions Focusing Strategies From Coding to Theorizing Formatting Matters Writing about Coding Ordering and Re-Ordering Assistance from Others Closure Appendix A: A Glossary of Coding Methods Appendix B: A Glossary of Analytic Recommendations Appendix C: Field Note, Interview Transcript and Document Samples for Coding Appendix D: Exercises and Activities for Coding and Qualitative Data Analytic Skill Development References Index

The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers

Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques

Saturation has attained widespread acceptance as a methodological principle in qualitative research. It is commonly taken to indicate that, on the basis of the data that have been collected or analysed hitherto, further data collection and/or analysis are unnecessary. However, there appears to be uncertainty as to how saturation should be conceptualized, and inconsistencies in its use. In this paper, we look to clarify the nature, purposes and uses of saturation, and in doing so add to theoretical debate on the role of saturation across different methodologies. We identify four distinct approaches to saturation, which differ in terms of the extent to which an inductive or a deductive logic is adopted, and the relative emphasis on data collection, data analysis, and theorizing. We explore the purposes saturation might serve in relation to these different approaches, and the implications for how and when saturation will be sought. In examining these issues, we highlight the uncertain logic underlying saturation—as essentially a predictive statement about the unobserved based on the observed, a judgement that, we argue, results in equivocation, and may in part explain the confusion surrounding its use. We conclude that saturation should be operationalized in a way that is consistent with the research question(s), and the theoretical position and analytic framework adopted, but also that there should be some limit to its scope, so as not to risk saturation losing its coherence and potency if its conceptualization and uses are stretched too widely.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11135-017-0574-8.pdf

Saturation in qualitative research: exploring its conceptualization and operationalization

Qualitative Interviewing: The Art of Hearing Data

Sufficient knowledge is available about the definition, details and differences of qualitative content and thematic analysis as two approaches of qualitative descriptive research. However, identifying the main features of theme as the data analysis product and the method of its development remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to describe the meaning of theme and offer a method on theme construction that can be used by qualitative content analysis and thematic analysis researchers in line with the underpinning specific approach to data analysis. This methodological paper comprises an analytical overview of qualitative descriptive research products and the meaning of theme. Also, our practical experiences of qualitative analysis supported by relevant published literature informed the generation of a stage like model of theme construction for qualitative content analysis and thematic analysis. This paper comprises: (i) analytical importance of theme, (ii) meaning of theme, (iii) meaning of category, (iv) theme and category in terms of level of content, and (v) theme development. This paper offers a conceptual clarification and a pragmatic step by step method of theme development that has the capacity of assisting nurse researchers understand how theme is developed. As nursing is a pragmatic discipline, nurse researchers have tried to develop practical findings and devise some way to “do something” with findings to enhance the action and impact of nursing. The application of a precise method of theme development for qualitative descriptive data analysis suggested in this paper helps yield meaningful, credible and practical results for nursing.

/pdf/theme-development-in-qualitative-content-analysis-and-2q4az4zl8f.pdf

Theme development in qualitative content analysis and thematic analysis

A necessary practice parameter: nursing and midwifery board of Australia midwife standards for practice

Informing the development midwifery standards for practice: A literature review for policy development.

This chapter discusses processes used in undertaking a grounded theory study on designing undergraduate nursing curricula in the context of national accreditation requirements. The authors report on the experiences of undertaking this research and in so doing, address important issues such as philosophically positioning the researcher in a grounded theory study; planning the research process; ensuring quality processes in research; analysing data; and integrating and presenting the theory. Although grounded theory may demand the systematic application of methods, each research process is unique and sharing such experiences offers potential solutions to researchers approaching a substantive area of inquiry who intend to use it as a methodology. The chapter is presented from the perspective of the lead investigator (NR)and describes his experiences in undertaking this study for his doctoral research.

Doing grounded theory: Experiences from a study on designing undergraduate nursing curricula in Australia

Doctoral dissertation: building scholarly capacity whilst advancing new knowledge in the discipline of nursing.

[Extract] In response to professional nurse shortages in rural areas of Australia,1 initiatives have been introduced including the development of new university pre-registration programs in various states.2 It is hoped that nursing students who experience the rural environment choose to remain in these locations after graduation. In 2008, one Australian university, in conjunction with a rural health service, introduced a model of education designed to open access to nursing courses for students at a satellite location. This program ran for 2 years. Under this model, most students were located at the main campus with a small cohort situated at the rural health service, a distance of approximately 60 km from the main campus, for their first academic year. This health service includes a small acute care hospital with an aged care inpatient unit. Funded by a government seeding grant, this project offered an opportunity for students to study as part of a unique cohort with readily accessible on-site clinical experiences. Students located at the satellite centre enrolled in the same units of study and were required to meet identical assessment requirements. While a local coordinator facilitated most classes, core lectures were also provided by video link and visiting lecturers, with students transported to the main campuses fortnightly to facilitate a broader university experience.

Melanie Birks

Papers

A necessary practice parameter: nursing and midwifery board of Australia midwife standards for practice

Informing the development midwifery standards for practice: A literature review for policy development.

Doing grounded theory: Experiences from a study on designing undergraduate nursing curricula in Australia

Doctoral dissertation: building scholarly capacity whilst advancing new knowledge in the discipline of nursing.

Increasing the pool of students in rural locations: A satellite model of nurse education