萨义德以其独特的双重身份,对西方中心权力话语做了分析,通过对文学作品、演讲演说等文本的解读,将O rie n ta lis m——"东方学",做了三重释义:一门学科、一种思维方式和一种权力话语系统,对东方学权力话语做了系统的批判,同时将东方学放入空间维度对东方学文本做了细致的解读。

萨义德的“Orientalism”释义

Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers

Manliness and civilization: A cultural history of gender and race in the United States, 1880–1917

Space, Knowledge and Power

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Gunfighter Nation: The Myth of the Frontier in Twentieth-Century America

Geography, Cartography and Military Intelligence: The Royal Geographical Society and the First World War

Introduction - the idea of Europe in the modern era, c.1750-1995 a European economic miracle? geographies of social order and disorder geographies of political order and disorder European identity and the European cultural landscape a common European home?

The meaning of Europe : geography and geopolitics

List of figures and tables general editor's introduction notes on contributors introduction, Morag Bell et al agents and agencies in geography and empire - the case of George Grey, James M.R. Cameron imperialism and the discourse of desiccation the institutionalisation of global environmental concerns and the role of the Royal Geographical Society, 1860-1880, Richard Grove imperial landscapes - photography, geography and British exploration, 1858-1872, James R. Ryan the Royal Dutch Geographical Society and the Dutch East Indies, 1873-1914, Paul van der Velde the provincial geographical societies in Britain, 1884-1914, John M. MacKenzie "The Mother of all the Peoples" - geographical knowledge and the empowering of Mary Slessor, Cheryl McEwan historical geographies of empire, Robin A. Butlin "Citizenship not charity" - Violet Markham on nature, society and the state in Britain and South Africa, Morag Bell the spoils of war - the societe de geographie de Paris and the French empire, 1916-1919, Michael J. Heffernan geopolitics, cartography and geographical knowledge - envisioning Africa from Italy, David Atkinson the cartography of colonialism and decolonialism - the case of Swaziland, Jeffrey C. Stone.

Geography and Imperialism, 1820-1940

Maps from virtually every culture and period - from Babylonian world maps to Saul Steinberg's famous New Yorker cover illustration, 'View of the World from 9th Avenue' - convey our tendency to see our communities as the center of the world (if not the universe) and, by implication, as superior to anything beyond these immediate boundaries. Mapping has long been a tool by which ruling bodies could claim their entitlement to lands and peoples. It is this aspect of cartography that James R. Akerman and a group of distinguished contributors address in "The Imperial Map".Critically reflecting on elements of mapping and imperialism from the late seventeenth century to the early twentieth century, the essays discuss the nature of the imperial map through a series of case studies of empires, from the Qing dynasty of China, to the Portuguese empire in South America, to American imperial pretensions in the Pacific Ocean, among others. Collectively, the essays reveal that the relationship between mapping and imperialism, as well as the practice of political and economic domination of weak polities by stronger ones, is a rich and complex historical theme that continues to resonate in our modern day.

The imperial map : cartography and the mastery of empire

Drawing on material from several countries, principally Britain, France, and the United States, this paper considers the politics of mapmaking in the years before, during, and immediately after World War I. Following a discussion of some noteworthy but hitherto overlooked mapping projects from the period around 1900, the paper examines the wartime production of maps as aids to geopolitical strategy in three Allied cities—London, Paris, and New York—with particular reference to the major geographical societies in these locations.

Michael Heffernan

Papers

Geography, Cartography and Military Intelligence: The Royal Geographical Society and the First World War

The meaning of Europe : geography and geopolitics

Geography and Imperialism, 1820-1940

The imperial map : cartography and the mastery of empire

The Politics of the Map in the Early Twentieth Century