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Michael J. Saxton

Bio: Michael J. Saxton is an academic researcher from University of California, Davis. The author has contributed to research in topics: Anomalous diffusion & Diffusion (business). The author has an hindex of 25, co-authored 35 publications receiving 5966 citations.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Measurements of trajectories of individual proteins or lipids in the plasma membrane of cells show a variety of types of motion, including directed motion, confined motion, and anomalous diffusion, which requires a revision of existing views of membrane structure and dynamics.
Abstract: Measurements of trajectories of individual proteins or lipids in the plasma membrane of cells show a variety of types of motion. Brownian motion is observed, but many of the particles undergo non-Brownian motion, including directed motion, confined motion, and anomalous diffusion. The variety of motion leads to significant effects on the kinetics of reactions among membrane-bound species and requires a revision of existing views of membrane structure and dynamics.

1,818 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, Monte Carlo calculations are used to characterize anomalous diffusion for obstacle concentrations between zero and the percolation threshold, and the crossover length and crossover length are analyzed.

622 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In single-particle tracking experiments, the diffusion coefficient D may be measured from the trajectory of an individual particle in the cell membrane and the statistical distribution of single-trajectory diffusion coefficients is examined by Monte Carlo calculations.

561 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Anomalous diffusion is discussed for various models of binding, including an obstruction/binding model in which immobile membrane proteins are represented by obstacles that bind diffusing particles in nearest-neighbor sites and the classification of binding models is considered.

347 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A physical model of anomalous subdiffusion due to a combination of binding sites and barriers is translated directly into a plausible biological model testable by single-particle tracking.

312 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is argued that gold nanotechnology-enabled biomedicine is not simply an act of 'gilding the (nanomedicinal) lily', but that a new 'Golden Age' of biomedical nanotechnology is truly upon us.
Abstract: Gold nanoparticles have been used in biomedical applications since their first colloidal syntheses more than three centuries ago. However, over the past two decades, their beautiful colors and unique electronic properties have also attracted tremendous attention due to their historical applications in art and ancient medicine and current applications in enhanced optoelectronics and photovoltaics. In spite of their modest alchemical beginnings, gold nanoparticles exhibit physical properties that are truly different from both small molecules and bulk materials, as well as from other nanoscale particles. Their unique combination of properties is just beginning to be fully realized in range of medical diagnostic and therapeutic applications. This critical review will provide insights into the design, synthesis, functionalization, and applications of these artificial molecules in biomedicine and discuss their tailored interactions with biological systems to achieve improved patient health. Further, we provide a survey of the rapidly expanding body of literature on this topic and argue that gold nanotechnology-enabled biomedicine is not simply an act of ‘gilding the (nanomedicinal) lily’, but that a new ‘Golden Age’ of biomedical nanotechnology is truly upon us. Moving forward, the most challenging nanoscience ahead of us will be to find new chemical and physical methods of functionalizing gold nanoparticles with compounds that can promote efficient binding, clearance, and biocompatibility and to assess their safety to other biological systems and their long-term term effects on human health and reproduction (472 references).

2,712 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A localization algorithm motivated from least-squares fitting theory is constructed and tested both on image stacks of 30-nm fluorescent beads and on computer-generated images (Monte Carlo simulations), and results show good agreement with the derived precision equation.

2,390 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Measurements of trajectories of individual proteins or lipids in the plasma membrane of cells show a variety of types of motion, including directed motion, confined motion, and anomalous diffusion, which requires a revision of existing views of membrane structure and dynamics.
Abstract: Measurements of trajectories of individual proteins or lipids in the plasma membrane of cells show a variety of types of motion. Brownian motion is observed, but many of the particles undergo non-Brownian motion, including directed motion, confined motion, and anomalous diffusion. The variety of motion leads to significant effects on the kinetics of reactions among membrane-bound species and requires a revision of existing views of membrane structure and dynamics.

1,818 citations

01 Jan 2016

1,715 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
08 Jan 2004-Nature
TL;DR: T-cell priming by DCs occurs in three successive stages: transient serial encounters during the first activation phase are followed by a second phase of stable contacts culminating in cytokine production, which makes a transition into a third phase of high motility and rapid proliferation.
Abstract: Primary T-cell responses in lymph nodes (LNs) require contact-dependent information exchange between T cells and dendritic cells (DCs). Because lymphocytes continually enter and leave normal LNs, the resident lymphocyte pool is composed of non-synchronized cells with different dwell times that display heterogeneous behaviour in mouse LNs in vitro. Here we employ two-photon microscopy in vivo to study antigen-presenting DCs and naive T cells whose dwell time in LNs was synchronized. During the first 8 h after entering from the blood, T cells underwent multiple short encounters with DCs, progressively decreased their motility, and upregulated activation markers. During the subsequent 12 h T cells formed long-lasting stable conjugates with DCs and began to secrete interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma. On the second day, coinciding with the onset of proliferation, T cells resumed their rapid migration and short DC contacts. Thus, T-cell priming by DCs occurs in three successive stages: transient serial encounters during the first activation phase are followed by a second phase of stable contacts culminating in cytokine production, which makes a transition into a third phase of high motility and rapid proliferation.

1,659 citations