Michael P. Hickey

Bio: Michael P. Hickey is an academic researcher from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach. The author has contributed to research in topics: Gravity wave & Thermosphere. The author has an hindex of 28, co-authored 86 publications receiving 2495 citations. Previous affiliations of Michael P. Hickey include Marshall Space Flight Center & Clemson University.

Observing Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Caused by Tsunamis Using GPS TEC Measurements

Abstract: Ground-based Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements of ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) show variations consistent with atmospheric internal gravity waves caused by ocean tsunamis following two recent seismic events: the American Samoa earthquake of September 29, 2009, and the Chile earthquake of February 27, 2010. Fluctuations in TEC correlated in time, space, and wave properties with these tsunamis were observed in TEC estimates processed using JPL's Global Ionospheric Mapping Software. These TEC estimates were band-pass filtered to remove ionospheric TEC variations with wavelengths and periods outside the typical range of internal gravity waves caused by tsunamis. Observable variations in TEC appear correlated with the tsunamis in certain locations, but not in others. Where variations are observed, the typical amplitude tends to be on the order of 1% of the background TEC value. Variations with amplitudes ~ 0.1 - 0.2 TECU are observable with periods and timing affiliated with the tsunami. These observations are compared to estimates of expected tsunami-driven TEC variations produced by Embry Riddle Aeronautical University's Spectral Full Wave Model, an atmosphere-ionosphere coupling model, and found to be in good agreement in some locations, though there are cases when the model predicts an observable tsunami-driven signature and none is observed. These TEC variations are not always seen when a tsunami is present, but in these two events the regions where a strong ocean tsunami was observed did coincide with clear TEC observations, while a lack of clear TEC observations coincided with smaller tsunami amplitudes. There exists the potential to apply these detection techniques to real-time GPS TEC data, providing estimates of tsunami speed and amplitude that may be useful for early warning systems.

Thank You to Our 2022 Peer Reviewers

Abstract: The editors thank the 2022 peer reviewers New editorial practices reduce pressure on reviewers Co-reviewer tool allows collaboration with students and postdocs Thank you to the 1528 reviewers who provided 2647 reviews during 2022 to ensure the high quality and integrity of JGR-Oceans manuscripts. Thank you to the reviewers of JGR-Oceans manuscripts in 2022! It is your effort and expertise that ensure the quality and integrity of the advancements published in JGR-Oceans. 2022 was an important year for JGR-Oceans. We published a strategic plan that includes new editorial practices designed to reduce pressure on reviewers like you while at the same time helping authors improve the quality of their submitted manuscripts (Beal et al., 2022). We also introduced a co-reviewer tool, along with other AGU journals, so you can collaborate with your students and postdocs on reviews. The success of JGR-Oceans is dependent on your careful and comprehensive reviews. You help maintain our exceptional standards. Please accept this small token of our appreciation! Reviewers in italics provided more than one review in 2022. Aagaard, Troels Ackley, Stephen Adhikari, Puspa Adyasari, Dini Agarwal, Neeraj Aguedjou, Habib Ahmed, Ayaz Aiki, Hidenori Akhter, Shaila Akperov, Mirseid Alberello, Alberto Aldahan, Ala Alexander, Michael Alford, Matthew Alkire, Matthew Allahdadi, M. Nabi Allard, Richard Allen, James Allen, Rachel Alory, Gael Altabet, Mark Álvarez Antolínez, José Álvarez, Marta Amadori, Marina Ambriz Arreola, Israel Amol, P. Amos, Caitlin Amoudry, Laurent Anarde, Katherine Anderson, Leif Androulidakis, Yannis Angia Sriram, Pradeep Ram Antoine, David Appendini, Christian Aragão, Leonardo Aranguiz, Rafael Arbic, Brian Ardhuin, Fabrice Aretxabaleta, Alfredo Arévalo-Martínez, Damian Leonardo Armigliato, Alberto Arneborg, Lars Aroucha, Leo Arrigo, Kevin Arroyo, Mar Arteaga, Lionel Asanuma, Ichio Assmann, Karen Athanase, Marylou Atmadipoera, Agus Auger, Pierre-Amaël Austin, Jay Austin, Martin Aydogdu, Ali Ayouche, Adam Azevedo, Jose Luiz Babanin, Alex Babin, Marcel Bach, Lennart Bacon, Sheldon Bai, Xiaolin Bai, Youcheng Baker, Christine Baker, Lois Balaguru, Karthik Balch, William Baldock, Tom Balwada, Dhruv Barceló-Llull, Bàrbara Barkan, Roy Barone, Benedetto Barsugli, Joseph Barton, Eric Basdurak, Nuvit Basu, Atreya Baudena, Alberto Baumann, Till Bayle, Paul Beadling, Rebecca Bebieva, Yana Becherer, Johannes Becker, Cynthia Becker, Emily Begeman, Carolyn Behera, Swadhin Behrenfeld, Michael Benoit, Michel Bensi, Manuel Berden, Giuliana Berta, Maristella Bertin, Xavier Besio, Giovanni Beszczyńska Möller, Agnieszka Bettencourt, João Bi, Hongsheng Bianchi, Daniele Bianucci, Laura Biddle, Louise Bidlot, Jean Bilskie, Matthew Bindoff, Nathaniel Bingham, Frederick Bisson, Kelsey Blain, Cheryl Ann Blake, Ruth Blanken, Hauke Blenkinsopp, Chris Bluteau, Cynthia Bo, Tong Boeira Dias, Fabio Boland, Emma Bonino, Giulia Booge, Dennis Borile, Federica Bormans, Myriam Boss, Emmanuel Bosse, Anthony Boufadel, Michel Bourbonnais, Annie Bourgault, Daniel Bourras, Denis Boury, Samuel Boutin, Guillaume Bowen, Melissa Bowers, David Bowman, Katlin Bracco, Annalisa Bracher, Astrid Brakstad, Ailin Brandt, Peter Brasseale, Elizabeth Brearley, J. 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Blake Clement Kinney, Jaclyn Close, Sally Cole, Sylvia Colin, Patrick Condron, Alan Conley, Daniel Conte, Maureen Cook, Salme Cooper, Lee Cordero Quirós, Nathalí Cornec, Marin Cornillon, Peter Corredor-Acosta, Andrea Cowton, Tom Cox, Daniel Cozzani, Elisa Crawford, William Creel, Roger Crews, Laura Curcic, Milan Currie, Kim Cusack, Jesse Czeschel, Lars Dai, Zhijun Damien, Pierre Damveld, Johan Dandapat, Sumit Dangendorf, Sönke Danielson, Seth Dansereau, Véronique Darby, Stephen Darelius, Elin D'Asaro, Eric Dauhajre, Daniel De Andrés, Eva De Bakker, Anouk De Camargo, Ricardo De Marez, Charly De Souza, Gregory De Swart, Huib De Verneil, Alain DeCarlo, Thomas Deepa, J. S. 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Swingedouw, Didier Switzer, Adam Szuts, Zoltan Tabibi, Sajad Takahashi, Anne Takemi, Tetsuya Talke, Stefan Talmy, David Tamsitt, Veronica Tamura, Hitoshi Tan, Yehui Tanaka, Yuki Tang, Weiyi Tang, Youmin Tanhua, Toste Tawn, Jonathan Taylor, John Telles, Fernanda Tesdal, Jan-Erik Tessin, Allyson Thangaraj, Satheeswaran Thomas, David Thomas, Leif Thompson, Andrew Thompson, Keith Thompson, Peter Thompson, Philip Thomson, Jim Timmerman, Amanda Timmermans, Mary-Louise Tinker, Jonathan Tissier, Marion Tkalich, Pavel Toda, Kei Toffoli, Alessandro Toggweiler, J. Tonegawa, Takashi Torres-Freyermuth, Alec Toyoda, Sakae Toyota, Takenobu Tozuka, Tomoki Tragou, Elina Traykovski, Peter Trossman, David Trott, Corinne Trowbridge, John Tsamados, Michel Tsumune, Daisuke Tsushima, Hiroaki Tsutsumi, Eisuke Tuchen, Franz Turner, Jessica Turner, John Ueki, Iwao Ueno, Hiromichi Ulfsbo, Adam Uotila, Petteri Urakawa, Shogo Urbancic, Gabin Usui, Norihisa Uz, B. Mete Väli, Germo Valsala, Vinu Van der A, Dominic Van der Merwe, Pier Van der Sande, Wessel Van der Vegt, Maarten Van der Werf, Jebbe Van Landeghem, Katrien Van Prooijen, B. Van Westen, René Varela, Diana Varlas, George Vazquez-Cuervo, Jorge Veneziani, Milena Venkatesan, R. Vergara, Oscar Vieira da Silva, Guilherme Vignudelli, Stefano Vijith, V Villanoy, Cesar Vinayachandran, P. N. Vitousek, Sean Vittori, Giovanna Viudez, Alvaro Vlahos, Penny Vlasenko, Vasyl Voet, Gunnar Volkov, Denis Von Appen, Wilken-Jon Voss, Maren Vowinckel, Bernhard Voynova, Yoana Waga, Hisatomo Wagner, David Wagner, Gregory Wagner, Till Wåhlin, Anna Waldman, Robin Wan, Xianhui Wang, Bo-Shian Wang, Caixin Wang, Dong-Ping Wang, Dongxiao Wang, Fujun Wang, Gang Wang, Guihua Wang, Huizan Wang, Jianing Wang, Jinlong Wang, Jiuke Wang, Minyang Wang, Qingyuan Wang, Tao Wang, Weiqiang Wang, Wentao Wang, Xianwei Wang, Xiao Hua Wang, Xin Wang, Xuejing Wang, Ya Ping Wang, You-Lin Wang, Yuchen Wang, Zhengui Wang, Zucheng Wargula, Anna Warner, Jacob Warner, John Warner, Sally Waseda, Takuji Washam, Peter Washburn, Libe Wassmann, Paul Waugh, Darryn Webster, Melinda Wefing, Anne-Marie Wei, Jun Wei, Xiaoyan Wei, Zexun Weller, Robert Wenegrat, Jacob Wengrove, Meagan Wermter, Joseph Westberry, Toby Weydmann-Zwolicka, Agata White, Margot Whitehead, John Whitt, Daniel Widlansky, Matthew Wikner, Johan Wilkin, John Williams, James Wilmes, Sophie-Berenice Wilson, Alicia Wilson, Earle Wilson, Jamie Wilson, Kaya Wilson, Robert Winter, Gundula Winterwerp, Han Wojtasiewicz, Bozena Woodroffe, Colin Woodson, Clifton Woosley, Ryan Worthington, Emma Wren, Johanna Wright, Jonathon S. Wu, Guofeng Wu, Hui Wu, Renhao Wu, Shu Wu, Weiguang Wu, Xiaodong Wu, Yingxu Wurgaft, Eyal Wurl, Oliver Wuttig, Kathrin Wyatt, Alex Wynne, Timothy Wynn-Edwards, Cathryn Xia, Meng Xiao, Ziyu Xie, Danghan Xie, Lingling Xie, Xiaohui Xie, Yuyuan Xie, Zhiyong Xing, Xiaogang Xiu, Peng Xu, Hongzhou Xu, Jian Xu, Jie Xu, Lixiao Xu, Shiming Xu, Tengfei Xu, Yongsheng Xu, Yuanyuan Xue, Huijie Xue, Liang Xue, Z. George Yager, Patricia Yamagata, Toshio Yamazaki, Kaihe Yan, Qingyun Yan, Youfang Yan, Yunwei Yang, Dezhou Yang, Haijun Yang, Hu Yang, Jiayan Yang, Jin-Yu Yang, Kai Yang, Xiaosong Yang, Zhibin Yao, Fengchao Yao, Qingzhen Yashayaev, Igor Yasukawa, Kazutaka Yasunaka, Sayaka Yates, Marissa Yerubandi, Ram Yoon, Seung-Tae Yu, Fei Yu, Lisan Yu, Liuqian Yu, Peisong Yu, Xiao Yu, Xiaolong Yuan, Dongliang Yuan, Naiming Yuan, Yeping Zablocka, Monika Zaencker, Birthe Zampolli, Mario Zanchettin, Davide Zang, Zhengchen Zaron, Edward Zatsepa, Sergei Zavala Sansón, Luis Zavala-Garay, Javier Zeller, Mathias Zemskova, Varvara Zhang, Biao Zhang, Fan Zhang, Guiling Zhang, Jing Zhang, Jun A. Zhang, Linlin Zhang, Miming Zhang, Ronghua Zhang, Rui Zhang, Weifeng Zhang, Wenyan Zhang, Wen-Zhou Zhang, Yang Zhang, Yanxu Zhang, Yinglong Zhang, Yu Zhang, Zhaoru Zhang, Zhengguang Zhang, Zhiwei Zhao, Dongliang Zhao, Jing Zhao, Mengnan Zhao, Ning Zhao, Wei Zhao, Zhongxiang Zheng, Fei Zheng, Jinhai Zheng, Quanan Zheng, Xiao-Tong Zhong, Yisen Zhou, Feng Zhou, Sheng-Qi Zhou, Wen Zhou, Yan Zhou, Yongli Zhou, Yuntao Zhu, Chunyan Zhu, Qingguang Zhu, Xiao-Hua Zhu, Yingli Zhu, Zhuoyi Zhu, Zhuo-Yi Zhuang, Wei Zou, Qingping Zou, Sijia Zou, Zheguang Zulberti, Andrew

Towards Observing Tsunamis in the Ionosphere Using GPS TEC Measurements

Abstract: Tsunamis have been a significant threat to humans living in coastal regions throughout recorded history. The recent tsunami of September 29, 2009 was a tragic reminder of this fact, as the waves caused over 180 deaths on the islands of Samoa, American Samoa, and Apia in the south Pacific. Recent modeling results and observations have demonstrated that the ionospheric signature of an ocean tsunami can potentially be detected as a traveling ionospheric disturbance (TID) produced by internal gravity waves propagating upward in the atmosphere [e. These tsunamigenic TIDs have been demonstrated to be present in ionospheric total electron content (TEC) measurements using ground-based GPS radio signals [e.g., Artru et al., (2005)] and satellite-based altimeter radar [Occhipinti et al., (2006)]. There are many remaining unanswered questions regarding the reliability of detecting tsunamigenic TIDs, including how to distinguish them from regular TIDs of non-tsunamigenic origin, as well as factors affecting the propagation of internal gravity waves into the ionosphere. Recent models show that the magnitude of variations in electron density in the ionosphere due to a tsunamigenic internal gravity wave can depend heavily on the local orientation of the magnetic field [e.g., Occhipinti et al., (2008)], as well as the direction of propagation of the tsunami itself, with meridianol (north-south) propagating waves producing much larger perturbations in TEC than waves propagating zonally (east-west) [Hickey et al., (2009)]. Such nuances may influence our ability to detect tsunamigenic TIDs, and should be thoroughly explored via data analysis of multiple events.

Gravity wave dynamics and effects in the middle atmosphere

Abstract: [1] Atmospheric gravity waves have been a subject of intense research activity in recent years because of their myriad effects and their major contributions to atmospheric circulation, structure, and variability. Apart from occasionally strong lower-atmospheric effects, the major wave influences occur in the middle atmosphere, between ∼ 10 and 110 km altitudes because of decreasing density and increasing wave amplitudes with altitude. Theoretical, numerical, and observational studies have advanced our understanding of gravity waves on many fronts since the review by Fritts [1984a]; the present review will focus on these more recent contributions. Progress includes a better appreciation of gravity wave sources and characteristics, the evolution of the gravity wave spectrum with altitude and with variations of wind and stability, the character and implications of observed climatologies, and the wave interaction and instability processes that constrain wave amplitudes and spectral shape. Recent studies have also expanded dramatically our understanding of gravity wave influences on the large-scale circulation and the thermal and constituent structures of the middle atmosphere. These advances have led to a number of parameterizations of gravity wave effects which are enabling ever more realistic descriptions of gravity wave forcing in large-scale models. There remain, nevertheless, a number of areas in which further progress is needed in refining our understanding of and our ability to describe and predict gravity wave influences in the middle atmosphere. Our view of these unknowns and needs is also offered.

The molecular identification of organic compounds in the atmosphere : state of the art and challenges

Abstract: Atmosphere: State of the Art and Challenges Barbara Nozier̀e,*,† Markus Kalberer,*,‡ Magda Claeys,* James Allan, Barbara D’Anna,† Stefano Decesari, Emanuela Finessi, Marianne Glasius, Irena Grgic,́ Jacqueline F. Hamilton, Thorsten Hoffmann, Yoshiteru Iinuma, Mohammed Jaoui, Ariane Kahnt, Christopher J. Kampf, Ivan Kourtchev,‡ Willy Maenhaut, Nicholas Marsden, Sanna Saarikoski, Jürgen Schnelle-Kreis, Jason D. Surratt, Sönke Szidat, Rafal Szmigielski, and Armin Wisthaler †Ircelyon/CNRS and Universite ́ Lyon 1, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France ‡University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium The University of Manchester & National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom Istituto ISAC C.N.R., I-40129 Bologna, Italy University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia Johannes Gutenberg-Universitaẗ, 55122 Mainz, Germany Leibniz-Institut für Troposphar̈enforschung, 04318 Leipzig, Germany Alion Science & Technology, McLean, Virginia 22102, United States Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium Finnish Meteorological Institute, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland Institute of Physical Chemistry PAS, Warsaw 01-224, Poland University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway

Global probabilistic projections of extreme sea levels show intensification of coastal flood hazard.

Abstract: Global warming is expected to drive increasing extreme sea levels (ESLs) and flood risk along the world's coastlines. In this work we present probabilistic projections of ESLs for the present century taking into consideration changes in mean sea level, tides, wind-waves, and storm surges. Between the year 2000 and 2100 we project a very likely increase of the global average 100-year ESL of 34-76 cm under a moderate-emission-mitigation-policy scenario and of 58-172 cm under a business as usual scenario. Rising ESLs are mostly driven by thermal expansion, followed by contributions from ice mass-loss from glaciers, and ice-sheets in Greenland and Antarctica. Under these scenarios ESL rise would render a large part of the tropics exposed annually to the present-day 100-year event from 2050. By the end of this century this applies to most coastlines around the world, implying unprecedented flood risk levels unless timely adaptation measures are taken.