Michael Weinrath

Bio: Michael Weinrath is an academic researcher from University of Winnipeg. The author has contributed to research in topics: Criminal justice & Fear of crime. The author has an hindex of 7, co-authored 22 publications receiving 174 citations.

The impact of media on fear of crime among university students: a cross-national comparison

Abstract: Fear of crime has been the focus of considerable research in Canada and the United States over the past five decades. An enduring question for researchers is the impact of various forms of media on fear of crime. Specifically, do the salience of specific media types and the amount of exposure to specific news media – newspapers, television, radio, and Internet – affect fear of crime? Using survey data collected at three universities in the United States and one in Canada, this article comparatively examines the impact of media on fear of crime among university students. The results show distinct differences between Canadian and U.S. students, with Canadian students reporting significantly higher levels of fear, particularly of violent crime. The impact of media on fear was inconsistent between the two groups, but media tended to exert a broader range of influence on the American students' fear of crime.

Inmate Perspectives on the Remand Crisis in Canada

Abstract: Au Canada, le nombre de cas de detention avant proces dans les prisons provinciales/territoriales a monte en fleche. Il y a quelque temps, la population carcerale comptait 75% de detenus condamnes et 25% de personnes en detention preventive. Ces deux pourcentages sont maintenant de 50–50, et le taux de detention preventive continue de grimper. Dans l’article, on explore les raisons possibles de ce changement majeur, en se concentrant particulierement sur le fait que l’on compte « en double » le temps passe en detention preventive pour les contrevenants condamnes. A l’aide d’une analyse des reponses libres obtenues dans le cadre d’un sondage, on examine le point de vue des « condamnes » pour expliquer cette hausse du taux de detention preventive et trouver des solutions possibles a ce probleme. On compare ensuite la position officielle des representants de la justice sur la regle du « deux pour un » aux perceptions des detenus. Selon les resultats de l’etude, s’il y a certaines similitudes entre les explications fournies par les representants officiels et celles des detenus, il y a aussi de grandes divergences, particulierement pour ce qui est de savoir si l’accuse ou la poursuite cherche a retarder volontairement le deroulement du proces. En conclusion, on propose des suggestions pour le developpement de politiques et d’autres recherches. Abstract: In Canada, the number of pre-trial detention cases in provincial/territorial custody has soared dramatically. The traditional proportion of sentenced to remand in the inmate population, 75% sentenced to 25% remand, has now become a 50/50 split, and this trend has been accelerating. This paper explores possible reasons for this dramatic shift, focusing particularly on the two-for-one time served credit available to offenders upon conviction. Using content analysis of open-ended survey responses, we provide a “convict” perspective both on explanations for the rise in remand rates and on potential solutions to the problem. The formal position of justice officials on use of the two-for-one policy is compared and contrasted with inmate perceptions. Study findings indicate some consistency between official and inmate explanations, but also show considerable divergence, particularly in whether or not the accused or the prosecution seek to delay the trial process. We conclude with suggestions for policy development and future research.

Violent Victimization and Fear of Crime Among Canadian Aboriginals

Abstract: Violent victimization by offenders has led to concerns over the negative consequences that this has on victims, including a greater fear of crime. Because their disadvantaged status leads to greater rates of violent victimization, it is speculated that fear of crime will be higher among the poor and racial minorities. Examining the common violent crime of assault, this hypothesis is tested by comparing the results of two national Canadian surveys, the 1991 post-censal Aboriginal People's Survey (N = 18,000%), and the 1993 Canadian General Social Survey (N = 10,000%). Contingency tables (cross-tabs) and multi-variate logistic regression are used to assess differences in reported fear levels between Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal cases. While Aboriginal rates of violent victimization are higher, there are no appreciable differences in fear levels. In some situations Non-Aboriginal Canadians are even more likely to report fear. This relationship holds even in controlled analysis for urban based Abori...

Specific Deterrence and Sentence Length: The Case of Drunk Drivers

Abstract: Researchers have assessed the effect of longer prison sentences by conducting aggregate-level studies of general deterrence. However, relatively little attention has been paid to the specific deter...

Trends in Fear of Crime in a Western Canadian City: 1984, 1994, and 2004

Abstract: Criminologists have shown much interest in the distribution, causes, and consequences of fear of crime, but few studies have examined trends in fear. Using data from the Winnipeg Area Study from 1984, 1994, and 2004, and official crime data from the Winnipeg Police Service, we examine trends in fear of crime and compare them to reported crime. Fear of crime is evaluated by using an index compiled from five offence-specific indicators that asks how worried people are about becoming victims of theft, burglary, armed robbery, fraud, and sexual assault. Bonferonni procedures and regression methods are used to assess differences in fear of crime. The results show that respondents report low levels of fear of crime over the 20-year period. The results also indicate a lack of correspondence between fear of crime and official measures of crime. These findings challenge the use of fear of crime measures by policy makers seeking to evaluate criminal justice initiatives.

Experimental And Quasi Experimental Designs For Research

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The culture of control: crime and social order in contemporary, society

Abstract: Nos últimos trinta trinta anos, houve profundas mudanças na forma como compreendemos o crime e a justiça criminal. O crime tornou-se um evento simbólico, um verdadeiro teste para a ordem social e para as políticas governamentais, um desafio para a sociedade civil, para a democracia e para os direitos humanos. Segundo David Garland, professor da Faculdade de Direito da New York University, um dos principais autores no campo da Sociologia da Punição e com artigo publicado na Revista de Sociologia e Política , número 13, na modernidade tardia houve uma verdadeira obsessão securitária, direcionando as políticas criminais para um maior rigor em relação às penas e maior intolerância com o criminoso. Há trinta anos, nos EUA e na Inglaterra essa tendência era insuspeita. O livro mostra que os dois países compartilham intrigantes similaridades em suas práticas criminais, a despeito da divisão racial, das desigualdades econômicas e da letalidade violenta que marcam fortemente o cenário americano. Segundo David Garland, encontram-se nos dois países os “mesmos tipos de riscos e inseguranças, a mesma percepção a respeito dos problemas de um controle social não-efetivo, as mesmas críticas da justiça criminal tradicional, e as mesmas ansiedades recorrentes sobre mudança e ordem sociais”1 (GARLAND, 2001, p. 2). O argumento principal da obra é o seguinte: a modernidade tardia, esse distintivo padrão de relações sociais, econômicas e culturais, trouxe consigo um conjunto de riscos, inseguranças e problemas de controle social que deram uma configuração específica às nossas respostas ao crime, ao garantir os altos custos das políticas criminais, o grau máximo de duração das penas e a excessivas taxas de encarceramento.

Fear of crime : interpreting victimization risk

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