The Smart Grid, regarded as the next generation power grid, uses two-way flows of electricity and information to create a widely distributed automated energy delivery network. In this article, we survey the literature till 2011 on the enabling technologies for the Smart Grid. We explore three major systems, namely the smart infrastructure system, the smart management system, and the smart protection system. We also propose possible future directions in each system. colorred{Specifically, for the smart infrastructure system, we explore the smart energy subsystem, the smart information subsystem, and the smart communication subsystem.} For the smart management system, we explore various management objectives, such as improving energy efficiency, profiling demand, maximizing utility, reducing cost, and controlling emission. We also explore various management methods to achieve these objectives. For the smart protection system, we explore various failure protection mechanisms which improve the reliability of the Smart Grid, and explore the security and privacy issues in the Smart Grid.

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Smart Grid — The New and Improved Power Grid: A Survey

Smart Grid - The New and Improved Power Grid:

We characterize high-performance streaming applications as a new and distinct domain of programs that is becoming increasingly important. The StreamIt language provides novel high-level representations to improve programmer productivity and program robustness within the streaming domain. At the same time, the StreamIt compiler aims to improve the performance of streaming applications via stream-specific analyses and optimizations. In this paper, we motivate, describe and justify the language features of StreamIt, which include: a structured model of streams, a messaging system for control, a re-initialization mechanism, and a natural textual syntax.

/pdf/streamit-a-language-for-streaming-applications-il2k3rjwwy.pdf

StreamIt: A Language for Streaming Applications

The invention concerns medical diagnosis and monitoring equipment with wireless electrodes (2a...2f) designed to be secured to the skin of the patient (3). The electrodes (2a...2f) include, as well as microsensors, a digital transmitter (31) and receiver (30) unit and an antenna (36a). The electrodes (2a...2f) can be used, for instance, to detect EEG and ECG signals or to monitor body/berathing movements, temperature or perspiration. A preferred embodiment has an electrode which incorporates all functions in a semiconductor chip designed as an integrated circuit with the appropriate sensor, sensor-control, frequency-generation, transmitter and receiver units plus a switching control unit. The antenna (36a) can be mounted either in the flexible electrode covering or directly on the chip.

Wireless medical diagnosis and monitoring equipment

Space-time coding is a technique that promises greatly improved performance in wireless networks by using multiple antennas at the transmitter and receiver. Space-Time Block Coding for Wireless Communications is an introduction to the theory of this technology. The authors develop the topic using a unified framework and cover a variety of topics ranging from information theory to performance analysis and state-of-the-art space-time coding methods for both flat and frequency-selective fading multiple-antenna channels. The authors concentrate on key principles rather than specific practical applications, and present the material in a concise and accessible manner. Their treatment reviews the fundamental aspects of multiple-input, multiple output communication theory, and guides the reader through a number of topics at the forefront of current research and development. The book includes homework exercises and is aimed at graduate students and researchers working on wireless communications, as well as practitioners in the wireless industry.

https://assets.cambridge.org/97805210/65337/frontmatter/9780521065337_frontmatter.pdf

Space-Time Block Coding for Wireless Communications

From the Publisher:
This book is out-of-print, and a new second edition will be released by the end of 2002.
The digital standard known as the Global System for Mobile (GSM) has captured a large share of the global cellular market. This book aims to bridge the gap between a readers basic knowledge of telecommunications and the complexities of the 5000-page GSM technical specification. It describes the system as a whole, covering all aspects of the standard, including mobile stations, switching equipment, the radio interface, infrastructure, transmission methods, and signaling protocols. System architects involved in the design of personal communications systems will find the book to be a complete description of the GSM communications system. It also may serve as a general introduction to digital cellular systems.

The GSM System for Mobile Communications

GSM is now a fully evolutive systems, a platform which can accept improvements, new features, or modifications needed to adapt it to something which was not foreseen from the start This is important for companies operating a GSM network, which can expect that there investment will be a sufficiently long-term one, but also to conquer new markets The choice of UIC is an example In another direction, some non-European markets are conquered with the unadulterated standard, but some other markets, like the US, may require adaptations The success of GSM in these cases will depend on its flexibility, its adaptiveness to new constraints Finally, mass-market cellular radio is still at its beginning New schemes to improve cost and efficiency will be devised, the needs of the users will evolve, more and more new services to help them will be imagined To meet these challenges will mean an even better return of the original investments made in GSM The basis for these evolutions are there, and GSM will certainly make the best of this potential

Michel Mouly

Papers

The GSM System for Mobile Communications

The Evolution of GSM