Mihály Sárvári

Bio: Mihály Sárvári is an academic researcher from University of Debrecen. The author has contributed to research in topics: Fertilizer & Sowing. The author has an hindex of 5, co-authored 21 publications receiving 57 citations.

Effect of Production Factors on Maize Yield and Yield Stability

Abstract: Different long-term experiments were carried on chernozem (Debrecen) and loamy (Hajduboszormeny) soils. They included the most important agrotechnical, biological (hybrid) and agroecological (crop year, soil) factors in maize production. This paper evaluated the results of polyfactorial long-term experiments. For the maize the most favourable crop rotation was winter wheat (in a tri-culture) with an N 60–120, P2 O5 60–70, K2 O and 90–110 kg ha−1, and a density of 75–90,000 plants ha−1. The different input levels of maize crop management systems can modify an adaptive capacity to ecological conditions and the resilience of agro-ecosystems. The optimalization of agrotechnical elements reduces the harmful climatic effects. The yields of maize varied between 2–11 t ha−1 in extensive and 10–15 t ha−1 in intensive crop management systems, respectively.

Relationship between yield quality and quantity of maize hybrids and fertilizer

Abstract: Maximum yield of some hybrids was measured at N200+PK in 2006, but this fertilizer quantity is not proposed because of environmental and effectiveness aspects High fertilizer application level leads to acidification of soils and nutrients could leach into soil, they are not available for plants to use Sustainable plant production includes the additon of lacking nutrients in soil without environment pollution The N120, P2O5 125, K2O 90 kg ha−1 active agent is sufficient for maize hybrids even under wet meteorology circumstances According to the experiments of 2005–2006, the nutrient absorption ability of PR36R10 and Mv Vilma hybrids was more excellent than the average These hybrids and others with similar properties don’t require high fertilizer doses and it provides the environment saving technology The heat and drought stress had damaging impact on the hybrids (PR36R10, Mv Vilma) with longer vegetation period The fertilizer had impact on the starch and protein content of hybrid The growing doses decreased the starch content and increased the protein content Generally speaking, the oil content is influenced by genetic characteristic of hybrids and season effect

Effect of determining factors on maize yield with special regards to plant density

Abstract: The response of hybrids to increasing plant density is largely determined by the genetics and vegetation period of the hybrid, the growing conditions, year, water and nutrient supply. Maize requires the largest amount of water between 21 July and 10 August, higher plant numbers increase the water requirement of maize. In addition to determining the optimum plant density, the interval of optimum plant numbers is also important, which describes the response of the hybrid to increasing plant density. There are hybrids that tolerate or are sensitive to higher plant density. A higher than optimum plant density decreases the protein and oil contents of grains, while it increases the starch content.

Control of the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata [Say]) on potato under field conditions: a comparison of the efficacy of foliar application of two strains of Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) and spraying with thiametoxam.

Abstract: The efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes in controlling Leptinotarsa decemlineata on potato was tested in a field experiment. A Slovenian strain of Steinernema feltiae (B30) was used with the commercial product Entonem and the insecticide thiametoxam. The application of the nematodes and thiametoxam was repeated twice. In the second application half of the first dose (250.000 infective juveniles m–2) was used. Observing the population dynamics of the pest, it has become apparent that entomopathogenic nematodes significantly decreased the number of larvae, while no effect on their eggs and adults was confirmed. In controlling larvae in both years thiametoxam showed the best results in general, meanwhile treatments with EPNs showed no differences. In both years the highest yield was obtained when thiametoxam was used (2008: 24.38 t ha–1; 2009: 21.60 t ha–1), while the lowest yield was in the control treatment (2008: 7.65 t ha–1; 2009: 6.94 t ha–1). Different treatments of EPNs showed differences, and yields ranged from 16.44 (S. feltiae B30 low concentration) to 17.81 t ha–1 (Entonem high concentration) in 2008, and between 11.06 (S. feltiae B30 low concentration) and 14.88 t ha–1 (Entonem high concentration) in 2009. Both strains of entomopathogenic nematodes showed sufficient activity when controlling larvae, but unfortunately the high price of these biological agents at the moment makes it difficult for their broader implementation in the systems of potato production.

Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Nematoda: Rhabditida) in Slovenia: From Tabula Rasa to Implementation into Crop Production Systems

Abstract: The interest in the use of entomopathogenic nematodes as biological pest control agents has increased exponentially over the past decades. A hundred different laboratories explore these nematodes and their bacterial symbionts in more than 60 countries from every inhabited continent. Despite research breadth that extends from molecular biology to field ecology, the discipline is unified by common interest in biological control. Thirty years ago, the idea of using nematodes to control pest populations was vague promise held by the handful of researchers working with these obscure insect parasites. Today, they are no longer a laboratory curiosity but have begun to gain acceptance as environmentally benign alternatives to chemical insecticides. The entomopathogenic nematodes have proven particularly successful and are now commercially mass-produced in six of the seven continents to treat pest problems in agriculture, horticulture and human husbandry. The ease of mass production and exemption from registration requirenments are the two major reasons for early interest in the commercial developments of entomopathogenic nematodes. However, demonstrations of practical use, particularly in Europe and North America and subsuquently in Japan, China and Australia, spurred developments across the world that have led to the availability of nematodes against pests that were once thought impossible to control. Studies of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are nonetheless in many countries of the world limited to laboratory work. The reason for this lies in the fact that nematodes are in such areas still regarded as the so-called alien species, since their presence has not been confirmed in natural environment. The first studies of EPNs in Slovenia began within the project L4-6477-0481-04 in 2004. In Slovenia the Rules on biological plant protection (2006) prohibit introduction of alien species into natural environment. Since until 2007 EPNs were in Slovenia considered as foreign species, all studies had been limited to laboratory experiments. Because we wanted to implement their use in food production in Slovenia, we decided to study the presence of EPNs also in our soil. After discovering these biological agents, Slovenia became one of the countries where the use of nematodes as means of biological protection is sanctioned by law also for outdoors application.

Mangrove litter dynamics in La Mancha Lagoon, Veracruz, Mexico

Abstract: In the mangrove surrounding the coastal lagoon of La Mancha, Veracruz, Mexico, we studied litter fall, litter standing crop, and turnover rates in four different mangrove settings, based on the ecological classification of Lugo and Snedaker (1974). We studied those three prominent ecological processes at the basin, fringe and riverine mangrove settings, being the last one a relict riverine stand. The aim was to describe and compare litter dynamics among mangrove types in a lagoon with an ephemeral inlet, as a way of understanding functional heterogeneity within this coastal ecosystem. The daily average values of litter fall were different (P < 0.01) among mangrove site basin I, formed by Avicennia germinans and Rhizophora mangle (2.35 g/m2/day); basin II, formed by Laguncularia racemosa, Avicennia germinans, and Rhizophora mangle (2.93 g/m2/day); fringe with Rhizophora mangle (2.13 g/m2/day); and relic riverine, also with R. mangle (4.70 g/m2/day). The amount of litter standing crop was different among sites (P < 0.001), and also between the dry and rainy season, for each mangrove type (P < 0.001). Turnover ratios were higher in basin I and basin II sites (6.34 and 7.44 times per year) than in relic riverine and fringe mangroves (1.49 and 2.39 times per year). Interstitial salinity and sediment nutrients varied among mangrove types and could influence litter production. Since this lagoon has an ephemeral inlet, continuous inundation throughout 7–8 months per year has an important effect on litter dynamics.

Nitrogen Supply Affects Grain Yield by Regulating Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Photosynthetic Capacity of Maize Plant in the Loess Plateau

Abstract: Nitrogen (N) is the most limiting nutrient for maize, and appropriate N fertilization can promote maize growth and yield. The effect of N fertilizer rates and timings on morphology, antioxidant enzymes, and grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in the Loess Plateau of China was evaluated. The four N levels, i.e., 0 (N0), 100 (N1), 200 (N2), and 300 (N3) kg ha−1, were applied at two timings (T1, one-third N at sowing and two-thirds at the six-leaf stage of maize; T2, one-third applied at sowing, six-leaf stage, and eleven-leaf stage of maize). The results show that N2 and N3 significantly increased the plant height, stem and leaf dry weight, and leaf area index of maize compared with a non-N-fertilized control (N0). The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and leaf chlorophyll contents were lower, while the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration was higher for non-fertilized plants compared to fertilized plants. The activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased with N rate, but the difference between 200 and 300 kg ha−1 was not significant; further, the isozyme bands of POD and SOD also changed with their activities. Compared with a non-N-fertilized control, N2 and N3 significantly increased grain yield by 2.76- and 3.11-fold in 2018, 2.74- and 2.80-fold in 2019, and 2.71- and 2.89-fold in 2020, and there was no significant difference between N2 and N3. N application timing only affected yield in 2018. In conclusion, 200 kg N ha−1 application increased yield through optimizing the antioxidant enzyme system, increasing photosynthetic capacity, and promoting dry matter accumulation. Further research is necessary to evaluate the response of more cultivars under more seasons to validate the results obtained.