The (G' G)-expansion method and travelling wave solutions of nonlinear evolution equations in mathematical physics

This book describes the remarkable connections that exist between the classical differential geometry of surfaces and modern soliton theory. The authors also explore the extensive body of literature from the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by such eminent geometers as Bianchi, Darboux, Backlund, and Eisenhart on transformations of privileged classes of surfaces which leave key geometric properties unchanged. Prominent amongst these are Backlund-Darboux transformations with their remarkable associated nonlinear superposition principles and importance in soliton theory. It is with these transformations and the links they afford between the classical differential geometry of surfaces and the nonlinear equations of soliton theory that the present text is concerned. In this geometric context, solitonic equations arise out of the Gaus-Mainardi-Codazzi equations for various types of surfaces that admit invariance under Backlund-Darboux transformations. This text is appropriate for use at a higher undergraduate or graduate level for applied mathematicians or mathematical physics.

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Bäcklund and Darboux transformations : geometry and modern applications in soliton theory

In this paper, we construct a generalized Darboux transformation for the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation. The associated $N$-fold Darboux transformation is given in terms of both a summation formula and determinants. As applications, we obtain compact representations for the $N$th-order rogue wave solutions of the focusing nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation and Hirota equation. In particular, the dynamics of the general third-order rogue wave is discussed and shown to exhibit interesting structures.

Nonlinear Schrödinger equation: generalized Darboux transformation and rogue wave solutions.

A broad set of sufficient conditions consisting of systems of linear partial differential equations is presented which guarantees that the Wronskian determinant solves the Korteweg-de Vries equation in the bilinear form. A systematical analysis is made for solving the resultant linear systems of second-order and third-order partial differential equations, along with solution formulas for their representative systems. The key technique is to apply variation of parameters in solving the involved non-homogeneous partial differential equations. The obtained solution formulas provide us with a comprehensive approach to construct the existing solutions and many new solutions including rational solutions, solitons, positons, negatons, breathers, complexitons and interaction solutions of the Korteweg-de Vries equation.

https://www.ams.org/journals/tran/2005-357-05/S0002-9947-04-03726-2/S0002-9947-04-03726-2.pdf

Solving the Korteweg-de Vries equation by its bilinear form: Wronskian solutions

The field of nonlinear dispersive waves has developed enormously since the work of Stokes, Boussinesq and Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) in the nineteenth century. In the 1960s, researchers developed effective asymptotic methods for deriving nonlinear wave equations, such as the KdV equation, governing a broad class of physical phenomena that admit special solutions including those commonly known as solitons. This book describes the underlying approximation techniques and methods for finding solutions to these and other equations. The concepts and methods covered include wave dispersion, asymptotic analysis, perturbation theory, the method of multiple scales, deep and shallow water waves, nonlinear optics including fiber optic communications, mode-locked lasers and dispersion-managed wave phenomena. Most chapters feature exercise sets, making the book suitable for advanced courses or for self-directed learning. Graduate students and researchers will find this an excellent entry to a thriving area at the intersection of applied mathematics, engineering and physical science.

Nonlinear Dispersive Waves: Asymptotic Analysis and Solitons

In 1882 Darboux proposed a systematic algebraic approach to the solution of the linear Sturm-Liouville problem. In this book, the authors develop Darboux's idea to solve linear and nonlinear partial differential equations arising in soliton theory: the non-stationary linear Schrodinger equation, Korteweg-de Vries and Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equations, the Davey Stewartson system, Sine-Gordon and nonlinear Schrodinger equations 1+1 and 2+1 Toda lattice equations, and many others. By using the Darboux transformation, the authors construct and examine the asymptotic behaviour of multisoliton solutions interacting with an arbitrary background. In particular, the approach is useful in systems where an analysis based on the inverse scattering transform is more difficult. The approach involves rather elementary tools of analysis and linear algebra so that it will be useful not only for experimentalists and specialists in soliton theory, but also for beginners with a grasp of these subjects.

Darboux transformations and solitons

Toda lattice equation is represented in the form of the condition of compatibility of the system of linear equations corresponding to a non-Hermitian Lax representation. The Darboux invariance of this linear system is defined and proved in the text, and enables us to construct some new formulas for the solutions of the Toda lattice equation. These formulas involving determinants are applicable to an arbitrary initial solution of the Toda equation for example to a solution growing at infinity.

Mikhail A. Salle

Papers

Darboux transformations and solitons

Differential-difference evolution equations. II (Darboux transformation for the Toda lattice)

Darboux Transformation for 2 + 1 Nonlinear Evolution Equations and Localized Soliton Solutions

Darboux Transformations and Linear Equations

Exact Solutions of the KdV and KP Equations