Showing papers by "Mildred S. Dresselhaus published in 1988"
Book•
12 Jul 1988
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce Graphite Fibers and Filaments and present applications of graphite fibers and filament for applications in computer vision, artificial intelligence, and medical applications.
Abstract: Contents: Introductory Material on Graphite Fibers and Filaments.- Synthesis of Graphite Fibers and Filaments.- Structure.- Lattice Properties.- Thermal Properties.- Mechanical Properties.- Electronic Structure.- Electronic and Magnetic Properties.- High Temperature Properties.- Intercalation of Graphite Fibers and Filaments.- Ion Implantation of Graphite Fibers and Filaments.- Applications of Graphite Fibers and Filaments.- References.- Subject Index.
572 citations
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: In this article, the growth of the CCVD filaments in lengths of hundreds of millimeters has not been reviewed previously, and only a brief description of their preparation is given here, enabling the reader to relate structural features to growth methods.
Abstract: This chapter considers the methods by which the various types of fibers are produced. It is noted that ex-polymer fibers are produced by methods which lie in the area of applied polymer chemistry. Several reviews of their manufacture have been written. Therefore, only a brief description of their preparation is given here, enabling the reader to relate structural features to growth methods. The methods of growing CCVD filaments is considered in greater detail. The growth of the CCVD filaments in lengths of hundreds of millimeters has not been reviewed previously. It is emphasized that commercial carbon fibers are manufactured from polymers, and that one type (ex-PAN) dominates the commercial market, though low cost isotropic pitch fibers are also beginning to find wide application in high bulk, low performance applications. The present review of fiber growth would therefore seem to be out-of-balance with respect to current commercial utilization. However, the most interesting physical experiments have been carried out on the newer CCVD fibers, thereby providing the rationale for the balance we have chosen.
28 citations
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: Very few measurements have been reported in the open literature on the structure and properties of carbon fibers above room temperature [Rowe and Lowe 1977; Sheehan 1987] as discussed by the authors, and this approach will be used in this section where results on fibers are lacking.
Abstract: Very few measurements have been reported in the open literature on the structure and properties of carbon fibers above room temperature [Rowe and Lowe 1977; Sheehan 1987]. However, there is a somewhat larger literature on the properties of carbons at elevated temperatures [Lutcov et al. 1970; Tanaka and Suzuki 1972; Null et al. 1973; Leider et al. 1973]. Some high temperature properties of fibers can be estimated by analogy to bulk graphite results, and this approach will be used in this section where results on fibers are lacking.
14 citations
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: This chapter considers some applications of carbon fibers and an attempt is made to give an overview, with emphasis given to those applications which involve physical principles.
Abstract: This chapter considers some applications of carbon fibers. This topic is not treated exhaustively. Instead, an attempt is made to give an overview, with emphasis given to those applications which involve physical principles.
2 citations
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: Ion implantation is an important technique for modifying material properties through the introduction of impurity atoms or the creation of lattice defects in a controlled way as mentioned in this paper, and it is important in the semiconductor industry for making p-n junctions by implanting n-type impurities into p-type host materials.
Abstract: Ion implantation is an important technique for modifying material properties through the introduction of impurity atoms or the creation of lattice defects in a controlled way. The technique is important in the semiconductor industry for making p-n junctions by, for example, implanting n-type impurities into p-type host materials. From a materials science point of view, ion implantation allows essentially any element of the periodic table to be introduced into the near-surface region of essentially any host material, with quantitative control over the depth and composition profile of the impurity by proper choice of ion energy and fluence (i.e., the total number of implanted ions per unit area of sample). Furthermore an important application of ion implantation is in the synthesis of metastable alloys which could not be produced by other means.
2 citations
2 citations
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: The graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) as discussed by the authors are formed by the insertion of atomic or molecular layers of a guest chemical species between layers in a host material such as graphite.
Abstract: Intercalation compounds are formed by the insertion of atomic or molecular layers of a guest chemical species between layers in a host material such as graphite. Numerous reviews and conference proceedings on graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) are available [Vogel and Herold 1977; Herold 1979; Vogel 1980; Dresselhaus and Dresselhaus 1981; Pietronero and Tosatti 1981; Nishina et al. 1981; Solin 1982; Herold and Guerard 1983; Dresselhaus et al. 1983, 1986; Eklund et al. 1984; Dresselhaus 1987]. The intercalation process occurs in highly anisotropic layered structures where the intraplanar binding forces are large in comparison with the interplanar binding forces. The guest species in an intercalation compound exhibits order, in contrast to doping where the guest species tends to occupy random locations. Intercalation provides the host material with a means for controlled variation of many physical properties over wide ranges. Intercalation can proceed with either donor intercalants which transfer electrons to the graphite host material or with acceptors which receive electrons from the graphite.
2 citations
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: In this paper, the physical properties of carbon filaments and fibers are reviewed and a review of the most interesting and technologically important physical research has been, and can be carried out on these novel materials.
Abstract: The purpose of this book is to review the physical properties of carbon filaments and fibers. These materials have been developed in the last 25 years, and new types are still being discovered and tested. It is hoped that in this book we will demonstrate that scientifically interesting and technologically important physical research has been, and can be carried out on these novel materials.
1 citations
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: In this paper, the electronic and magnetic properties of carbon fibers were explored, starting with equilibrium, and then considering steady state properties, with perturbations derived from the special structural features of the fibers.
Abstract: The electronic structure of carbon fibers was introduced in Chap 7 This chapter explores the electronic and magnetic properties of carbon fibers, beginning with equilibrium, and then considering steady state properties It is quite useful to consider similarities in the properties of fibers to those of bulk carbons, with perturbations derived from the special structural features of the fibers This can produce effects which are unique to carbon fibers In turn, this allows information to be deduced about their electronic structure, and in some cases, their microstructure In fact, some electronic effects are particularly sensitive to certain structural features, and provide valuable probes of structural defects
1 citations