2.1. Solvents 4307 2.1.1. Propylene Carbonate (PC) 4308 2.1.2. Ethers 4308 2.1.3. Ethylene Carbonate (EC) 4309 2.1.4. Linear Dialkyl Carbonates 4310 2.2. Lithium Salts 4310 2.2.1. Lithium Perchlorate (LiClO4) 4311 2.2.2. Lithium Hexafluoroarsenate (LiAsF6) 4312 2.2.3. Lithium Tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4) 4312 2.2.4. Lithium Trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiTf) 4312 2.2.5. Lithium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiIm) and Its Derivatives 4313

/pdf/nonaqueous-liquid-electrolytes-for-lithium-based-uxm5ffbi18.pdf

Nonaqueous liquid electrolytes for lithium-based rechargeable batteries.

Li-ion battery technology has become very important in recent years as these batteries show great promise as power sources that can lead us to the electric vehicle (EV) revolution. The development of new materials for Li-ion batteries is the focus of research in prominent groups in the field of materials science throughout the world. Li-ion batteries can be considered to be the most impressive success story of modern electrochemistry in the last two decades. They power most of today's portable devices, and seem to overcome the psychological barriers against the use of such high energy density devices on a larger scale for more demanding applications, such as EV. Since this field is advancing rapidly and attracting an increasing number of researchers, it is important to provide current and timely updates of this constantly changing technology. In this review, we describe the key aspects of Li-ion batteries: the basic science behind their operation, the most relevant components, anodes, cathodes, electrolyte solutions, as well as important future directions for R&D of advanced Li-ion batteries for demanding use, such as EV and load-leveling applications.

Challenges in the development of advanced Li-ion batteries: a review

Thermal runaway caused fire and explosion of lithium ion battery

https://hal-cea.archives-ouvertes.fr/cea-01791260/document

A review on lithium-ion battery ageing mechanisms and estimations for automotive applications

Safety mechanisms in lithium-ion batteries

The thermal stability of 1 M LiPF 6 solutions in mixtures of ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and dimethyl carbonate in the temperature range of 40 to 350°C was studied by accelerating rate calorimeters (ARC) and differential scanning calorimeters (DSC). Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to analyze the condensed reaction products at different reaction stages. Studies by DSC and pressure measurements during ARC experiments with LiPF 6 solutions detected a gas-releasing endothermic reaction starting at ∼170°C, involving diethyl carbonate which occurs before a number of exothermic reactions, which follow as the temperature increases. Fluoride ions are released and react with the alkyl carbonate molecules both as bases and as nucleophiles. The bulk analysis by NMR shows that HO-CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, FCH 2 CH 2 -OH, F-CH 2 CH 2 -F, and polymer are major products. Gas analysis by NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy shows PF 5 , CO 2 , CH 3 F, CH 3 CH 2 F, and H 2 O as major gaseous products of the thermal reaction of these solutions.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/1.1617301/pdf

A Detailed Investigation of the Thermal Reactions of LiPF6 Solution in Organic Carbonates Using ARC and DSC

The use of accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC) for the study of the thermal reactions of Li-ion battery electrolyte solutions

http://www.angelfire.com/sd/gnanaraj/publications/TCA1.pdf

On the thermal stability of LiPF6

On the use of LiPF3(CF2CF3)3 (LiFAP) solutions for Li-ion batteries. Electrochemical and thermal studies

In a recent article, we reported on the base-catalyzed rearrangements of dipropargyl selenides, -sulfides, -sulfoxides, and -sulfones that eventually lead to polycyclic aromatic products. In the present work, we report on the first isolation and characterization of the thiophene dioxide intermediates 5b,c from a mild tandem isomerization/cyclization/aromatization of bis(π-conjugated propargyl) sulfones. Monoallene 2b,c and diallene 3b intermediates were also identified by NMR. A kinetic study of the rearrangement of 1a−c revealed that the unusual facile tandem process is highly dependent on the nature of γ-substitution.

Sequential Intermediates in the Base-Catalyzed Conversion of Bis(π-conjugated propargyl) Sulfones to 1,3-Dihydrobenzo- and Naphtho[c]thiophene-2,2-dioxides

Milon Sprecher

Papers

A Detailed Investigation of the Thermal Reactions of LiPF6 Solution in Organic Carbonates Using ARC and DSC

The use of accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC) for the study of the thermal reactions of Li-ion battery electrolyte solutions

On the thermal stability of LiPF6

On the use of LiPF3(CF2CF3)3 (LiFAP) solutions for Li-ion batteries. Electrochemical and thermal studies

Sequential Intermediates in the Base-Catalyzed Conversion of Bis(π-conjugated propargyl) Sulfones to 1,3-Dihydrobenzo- and Naphtho[c]thiophene-2,2-dioxides