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Min S. Yun

Bio: Min S. Yun is an academic researcher from University of Massachusetts Amherst. The author has contributed to research in topics: Galaxy & Star formation. The author has an hindex of 68, co-authored 266 publications receiving 21981 citations. Previous affiliations of Min S. Yun include National Radio Astronomy Observatory & Harvard University.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
Norman A. Grogin1, Dale D. Kocevski2, Sandra M. Faber2, Henry C. Ferguson1, Anton M. Koekemoer1, Adam G. Riess3, Viviana Acquaviva4, David M. Alexander5, Omar Almaini6, Matthew L. N. Ashby7, Marco Barden8, Eric F. Bell9, Frédéric Bournaud10, Thomas M. Brown1, Karina Caputi11, Stefano Casertano1, Paolo Cassata12, Marco Castellano, Peter Challis7, Ranga-Ram Chary13, Edmond Cheung2, Michele Cirasuolo14, Christopher J. Conselice6, Asantha Cooray15, Darren J. Croton16, Emanuele Daddi10, Tomas Dahlen1, Romeel Davé17, Duilia F. de Mello18, Duilia F. de Mello19, Avishai Dekel20, Mark Dickinson, Timothy Dolch3, Jennifer L. Donley1, James Dunlop11, Aaron A. Dutton21, David Elbaz10, Giovanni G. Fazio7, Alexei V. Filippenko22, Steven L. Finkelstein23, Adriano Fontana, Jonathan P. Gardner19, Peter M. Garnavich24, Eric Gawiser4, Mauro Giavalisco12, Andrea Grazian, Yicheng Guo12, Nimish P. Hathi25, Boris Häussler6, Philip F. Hopkins22, Jiasheng Huang26, Kuang-Han Huang1, Kuang-Han Huang3, Saurabh Jha4, Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe, Robert P. Kirshner7, David C. Koo2, Kamson Lai2, Kyoung-Soo Lee27, Weidong Li22, Jennifer M. Lotz1, Ray A. Lucas1, Piero Madau2, Patrick J. McCarthy25, Elizabeth J. McGrath2, Daniel H. McIntosh28, Ross J. McLure11, Bahram Mobasher29, Leonidas A. Moustakas13, Mark Mozena2, Kirpal Nandra30, Jeffrey A. Newman31, Sami Niemi1, Kai G. Noeske1, Casey Papovich23, Laura Pentericci, Alexandra Pope12, Joel R. Primack2, Abhijith Rajan1, Swara Ravindranath32, Naveen A. Reddy29, Alvio Renzini, Hans-Walter Rix30, Aday R. Robaina33, Steven A. Rodney3, David J. Rosario30, Piero Rosati34, S. Salimbeni12, Claudia Scarlata35, Brian Siana29, Luc Simard36, Joseph Smidt15, Rachel S. Somerville4, Hyron Spinrad22, Amber Straughn19, Louis-Gregory Strolger37, Olivia Telford31, Harry I. Teplitz13, Jonathan R. Trump2, Arjen van der Wel30, Carolin Villforth1, Risa H. Wechsler38, Benjamin J. Weiner17, Tommy Wiklind39, Vivienne Wild11, Grant W. Wilson12, Stijn Wuyts30, Hao Jing Yan40, Min S. Yun12 
TL;DR: The Cosmic Assembly Near-IR Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS) as discussed by the authors was designed to document the first third of galactic evolution, from z approx. 8 - 1.5 to test their accuracy as standard candles for cosmology.
Abstract: The Cosmic Assembly Near-IR Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS) is designed to document the first third of galactic evolution, from z approx. 8 - 1.5. It will image > 250,000 distant galaxies using three separate cameras on the Hubble Space Tele8cope, from the mid-UV to near-IR, and will find and measure Type Ia supernovae beyond z > 1.5 to test their accuracy as standard candles for cosmology. Five premier multi-wavelength sky regions are selected, each with extensive ancillary data. The use of five widely separated fields mitigates cosmic variance and yields statistically robust and complete samples of galaxies down to a stellar mass of 10(exp 9) solar mass to z approx. 2, reaching the knee of the UV luminosity function of galaxies to z approx. 8. The survey covers approximately 800 square arc minutes and is divided into two parts. The CANDELS/Deep survey (5(sigma) point-source limit H =27.7mag) covers approx. 125 square arcminutes within GOODS-N and GOODS-S. The CANDELS/Wide survey includes GOODS and three additional fields (EGS, COSMOS, and UDS) and covers the full area to a 50(sigma) point-source limit of H ? or approx. = 27.0 mag. Together with the Hubble Ultradeep Fields, the strategy creates a three-tiered "wedding cake" approach that has proven efficient for extragalactic surveys. Data from the survey are non-proprietary and are useful for a wide variety of science investigations. In this paper, we describe the basic motivations for the survey, the CANDELS team science goals and the resulting observational requirements, the field selection and geometry, and the observing design.

2,088 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Anton M. Koekemoer1, Sandra M. Faber2, Henry C. Ferguson1, Norman A. Grogin1, Dale D. Kocevski2, David C. Koo2, Kamson Lai2, Jennifer M. Lotz1, Ray A. Lucas1, Elizabeth J. McGrath2, Sara Ogaz1, Abhijith Rajan1, Adam G. Riess3, S. Rodney3, L. G. Strolger4, Stefano Casertano1, Marco Castellano, Tomas Dahlen1, Mark Dickinson, Timothy Dolch3, Adriano Fontana, Mauro Giavalisco5, Andrea Grazian, Yicheng Guo5, Nimish P. Hathi6, Kuang-Han Huang1, Kuang-Han Huang3, Arjen van der Wel7, Hao Jing Yan8, Viviana Acquaviva9, David M. Alexander10, Omar Almaini11, Matthew L. N. Ashby12, Marco Barden13, Eric F. Bell14, Frédéric Bournaud15, Thomas M. Brown1, Karina Caputi16, Paolo Cassata5, Peter Challis17, Ranga-Ram Chary18, Edmond Cheung2, Michele Cirasuolo16, Christopher J. Conselice11, Asantha Cooray19, Darren J. Croton20, Emanuele Daddi15, Romeel Davé21, Duilia F. de Mello22, Loic de Ravel16, Avishai Dekel23, Jennifer L. Donley1, James Dunlop16, Aaron A. Dutton24, David Elbaz25, Giovanni Fazio12, Alexei V. Filippenko26, Steven L. Finkelstein27, Chris Frazer19, Jonathan P. Gardner22, Peter M. Garnavich28, Eric Gawiser9, Ruth Gruetzbauch11, Will G. Hartley11, B. Haussler11, Jessica Herrington14, Philip F. Hopkins26, J.-S. Huang29, Saurabh Jha9, Andrew Johnson2, Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe3, Ali Ahmad Khostovan19, Robert P. Kirshner12, Caterina Lani11, Kyoung-Soo Lee30, Weidong Li26, Piero Madau2, Patrick J. McCarthy6, Daniel H. McIntosh31, Ross J. McLure, Conor McPartland2, Bahram Mobasher32, Heidi Moreira9, Alice Mortlock11, Leonidas A. Moustakas18, Mark Mozena2, Kirpal Nandra33, Jeffrey A. Newman34, Jennifer L. Nielsen31, Sami Niemi1, Kai G. Noeske1, Casey Papovich27, Laura Pentericci, Alexandra Pope, Joel R. Primack2, Swara Ravindranath35, Naveen A. Reddy, Alvio Renzini, Hans Walter Rix7, Aday R. Robaina, David J. Rosario2, Piero Rosati7, S. Salimbeni5, Claudia Scarlata18, Brian Siana18, Luc Simard36, Joseph Smidt19, D. Snyder2, Rachel S. Somerville1, Hyron Spinrad26, Amber N. Straughn22, Olivia Telford34, Harry I. Teplitz18, Jonathan R. Trump2, Carlos J. Vargas9, Carolin Villforth1, C. Wagner31, P. Wandro2, Risa H. Wechsler37, Benjamin J. Weiner21, Tommy Wiklind1, Vivienne Wild, Grant W. Wilson5, Stijn Wuyts12, Min S. Yun5 
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the Hubble Space Telescope imaging data products and data reduction procedures for the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS).
Abstract: This paper describes the Hubble Space Telescope imaging data products and data reduction procedures for the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS). This survey is designed to document the evolution of galaxies and black holes at z 1.5-8, and to study Type Ia supernovae at z > 1.5. Five premier multi-wavelength sky regions are selected, each with extensive multi-wavelength observations. The primary CANDELS data consist of imaging obtained in the Wide Field Camera 3 infrared channel (WFC3/IR) and the WFC3 ultraviolet/optical channel, along with the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS). The CANDELS/Deep survey covers ~125 arcmin2 within GOODS-N and GOODS-S, while the remainder consists of the CANDELS/Wide survey, achieving a total of ~800 arcmin2 across GOODS and three additional fields (Extended Groth Strip, COSMOS, and Ultra-Deep Survey). We summarize the observational aspects of the survey as motivated by the scientific goals and present a detailed description of the data reduction procedures and products from the survey. Our data reduction methods utilize the most up-to-date calibration files and image combination procedures. We have paid special attention to correcting a range of instrumental effects, including charge transfer efficiency degradation for ACS, removal of electronic bias-striping present in ACS data after Servicing Mission 4, and persistence effects and other artifacts in WFC3/IR. For each field, we release mosaics for individual epochs and eventual mosaics containing data from all epochs combined, to facilitate photometric variability studies and the deepest possible photometry. A more detailed overview of the science goals and observational design of the survey are presented in a companion paper.

2,011 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Anton M. Koekemoer, Sandra M. Faber, Henry C. Ferguson, Norman A. Grogin, Dale D. Kocevski, David C. Koo, Kamson Lai, Jennifer M. Lotz, Ray A. Lucas, Elizabeth J. McGrath, Sara Ogaz, Abhijith Rajan, Adam G. Riess, S. Rodney, Louis Gregory Strolger, Stefano Casertano, Marco Castellano, Tomas Dahlen, Mark Dickinson, Timothy Dolch, Adriano Fontana, Mauro Giavalisco, Andrea Grazian, Yicheng Guo, Nimish P. Hathi, Kuang-Han Huang, Arjen van der Wel, Haojing Yan, Viviana Acquaviva, David M. Alexander Omar Almaini, Matthew L. N. Ashby, Marco Barden, Eric F. Bell, Frédéric Bournaud, Thomas M. Brown, Karina Caputi, Paolo Cassata, Peter Challis, Ranga-Ram Chary, Edmond Cheung, Michele Cirasuolo, Christopher J. Conselice, Asantha Cooray, Darren J. Croton, Emanuele Daddi, Romeel Davé, Duilia F. de Mello, Loic de Ravel, Avishai Dekel, Jennifer L. Donley, James Dunlop, Aaron A. Dutton, David Elbaz, Giovanni G. Fazio, Alex V. Filippenko, Steven L. Finkelstein, Chris Frazer, Jonathan P. Gardner, Peter M. Garnavich, Eric Gawiser, Ruth Gruetzbauch, Will G. Hartley, Boris Häussler, Jessica Herrington, Philip F. Hopkins, Jiasheng Huang, Saurabh Jha, Andrew Johnson, Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe, Ali Ahmad Khostovan, Robert P. Kirshner, Caterina Lani, Kyoung-Soo Lee, Weidong Li, Piero Madau, Patrick J. McCarthy, Daniel H. McIntosh, Ross J. McLure, Conor McPartland, Bahram Mobasher, Heidi Moreira, Alice Mortlock, Leonidas A. Moustakas, Mark Mozena, Kirpal Nandra, Jeffrey A. Newman, Jennifer L. Nielsen, Sami Niemi, Kai G. Noeske, Casey Papovich, Laura Pentericci, Alexandra Pope, Joel R. Primack, Swara Ravindranath, Naveen A. Reddy, Alvio Renzini, Hans-Walter Rix, Aday R. Robaina, David J. Rosario, Piero Rosati, S. Salimbeni, Claudia Scarlata, Brian Siana, Luc Simard, Joseph Smidt, D. Snyder, Rachel S. Somerville, Hyron Spinrad, Amber Straughn, Olivia Telford, Harry I. Teplitz, Jonathan R. Trump, Carlos J. Vargas, Carolin Villforth, C. Wagner, P. Wandro, Risa H. Wechsler, Benjamin J. Weiner, Tommy Wiklind, Vivienne Wild, Grant W. Wilson, Stijn Wuyts, Min S. Yun 
TL;DR: The Cosmic Assembly Near-IR Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS) as mentioned in this paper was designed to document the evolution of galaxies and black holes at $z\sim 1.5-8$, and to study Type Ia SNe beyond $z>1.5.
Abstract: This paper describes the Hubble Space Telescope imaging data products and data reduction procedures for the Cosmic Assembly Near-IR Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS). This survey is designed to document the evolution of galaxies and black holes at $z\sim1.5-8$, and to study Type Ia SNe beyond $z>1.5$. Five premier multi-wavelength sky regions are selected, each with extensive multiwavelength observations. The primary CANDELS data consist of imaging obtained in the Wide Field Camera 3 / infrared channel (WFC3/IR) and UVIS channel, along with the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS). The CANDELS/Deep survey covers \sim125 square arcminutes within GOODS-N and GOODS-S, while the remainder consists of the CANDELS/Wide survey, achieving a total of \sim800 square arcminutes across GOODS and three additional fields (EGS, COSMOS, and UDS). We summarize the observational aspects of the survey as motivated by the scientific goals and present a detailed description of the data reduction procedures and products from the survey. Our data reduction methods utilize the most up to date calibration files and image combination procedures. We have paid special attention to correcting a range of instrumental effects, including CTE degradation for ACS, removal of electronic bias-striping present in ACS data after SM4, and persistence effects and other artifacts in WFC3/IR. For each field, we release mosaics for individual epochs and eventual mosaics containing data from all epochs combined, to facilitate photometric variability studies and the deepest possible photometry. A more detailed overview of the science goals and observational design of the survey are presented in a companion paper.

1,917 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the infrared (IR) 3-500μm spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of galaxies at 0 < z < 2.5, supplemented by a local reference sample from IRAS, ISO, Spitzer, and AKARI data.
Abstract: We present the deepest 100 to 500 μm far-infrared observations obtained with the Herschel Space Observatory as part of the GOODS-Herschel key program, and examine the infrared (IR) 3–500 μm spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of galaxies at 0 < z < 2.5, supplemented by a local reference sample from IRAS, ISO, Spitzer, and AKARI data. We determine the projected star formation densities of local galaxies from their radio and mid-IR continuum sizes. We find that the ratio of total IR luminosity to rest-frame 8 μm luminosity, IR8 (≡ L_(IR)^(tot)/L_8), follows a Gaussian distribution centered on IR8 = 4 (σ = 1.6) and defines an IR main sequence for star-forming galaxies independent of redshift and luminosity. Outliers from this main sequence produce a tail skewed toward higher values of IR8. This minority population ( 3 × 10^(10) L_⊙ kpc^(-2)) and a high specific star formation rate (i.e., starbursts). The rest-frame, UV-2700 A size of these distant starbursts is typically half that of main sequence galaxies, supporting the correlation between star formation density and starburst activity that is measured for the local sample. Locally, luminous and ultraluminous IR galaxies, (U)LIRGs (L_(IR)^(tot)≥ 10^(11) L_☉), are systematically in the starburst mode, whereas most distant (U)LIRGs form stars in the “normal” main sequence mode. This confusion between two modes of star formation is the cause of the so-called “mid-IR excess” population of galaxies found at z > 1.5 by previous studies. Main sequence galaxies have strong polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission line features, a broad far-IR bump resulting from a combination of dust temperatures (T_(dust) ~ 15–50 K), and an effective T_(dust) ~ 31 K, as derived from the peak wavelength of their infrared SED. Galaxies in the starburst regime instead exhibit weak PAH equivalent widths and a sharper far-IR bump with an effective T_(dust)~ 40 K. Finally, we present evidence that the mid-to-far IR emission of X-ray active galactic nuclei (AGN) is predominantly produced by star formation and that candidate dusty AGNs with a power-law emission in the mid-IR systematically occur in compact, dusty starbursts. After correcting for the effect of starbursts on IR8, we identify new candidates for extremely obscured AGNs.

1,235 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, deep far-IR observations obtained with Herschel and examined the 3-500um SEDs of galaxies at 0 3x10^10 Lsun kpc^-2 and a high specific SFR (i.e., SBs).
Abstract: We present the deepest far-IR observations obtained with Herschel and examine the 3-500um SEDs of galaxies at 0 3x10^10 Lsun kpc^-2) and a high specific SFR (i.e., SBs). The rest-frame, UV-2700A size of these distant SBs is typically half that of MS galaxies, supporting the correlation between star formation density and SB activity that is measured for the local sample. Locally, (U)LIRGs are systematically in the SB mode, whereas most distant (U)LIRGs form stars in the "normal" MS mode. This confusion between two modes of star formation is the cause of the so-called "mid-IR excess" population of galaxies found at z>1.5 by previous studies. MS galaxies have strong PAH emission line features, a broad far-IR bump resulting from a combination of dust temperatures (Tdust~15-50 K), and an effective Tdust~31 K, as derived from the peak wavelength of their IR SED. Galaxies in the SB regime instead exhibit weak PAH EW and a sharper far-IR bump with an effective Tdust~40 K. Finally, we present evidence that the mid-to-far IR emission of X-ray AGNs is predominantly produced by star formation and that candidate dusty AGNs with a power-law emission in the mid-IR systematically occur in compact, dusty SBs. After correcting for the effect of SBs on IR8, we identify new candidates for extremely obscured AGNs.

1,138 citations


Cited by
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors review the range of complementary techniques and theoretical tools that allow astronomers to map the cosmic history of star formation, heavy element production, and reionization of the Universe from the cosmic "dark ages" to the present epoch.
Abstract: Over the past two decades, an avalanche of data from multiwavelength imaging and spectroscopic surveys has revolutionized our view of galaxy formation and evolution. Here we review the range of complementary techniques and theoretical tools that allow astronomers to map the cosmic history of star formation, heavy element production, and reionization of the Universe from the cosmic "dark ages" to the present epoch. A consistent picture is emerging, whereby the star-formation rate density peaked approximately 3.5 Gyr after the Big Bang, at z~1.9, and declined exponentially at later times, with an e-folding timescale of 3.9 Gyr. Half of the stellar mass observed today was formed before a redshift z = 1.3. About 25% formed before the peak of the cosmic star-formation rate density, and another 25% formed after z = 0.7. Less than ~1% of today's stars formed during the epoch of reionization. Under the assumption of a universal initial mass function, the global stellar mass density inferred at any epoch matches reasonably well the time integral of all the preceding star-formation activity. The comoving rates of star formation and central black hole accretion follow a similar rise and fall, offering evidence for co-evolution of black holes and their host galaxies. The rise of the mean metallicity of the Universe to about 0.001 solar by z = 6, one Gyr after the Big Bang, appears to have been accompanied by the production of fewer than ten hydrogen Lyman-continuum photons per baryon, a rather tight budget for cosmological reionization.

3,104 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: At the highest luminosities (Lir > 1012 ), nearly all objects appear to be advanced mergers powered by a mixture of circumnuclear starburst and active galactic nucleus energy sources, both of which are fueled by an enormous concentration of molecular gas that has been funneled into the merger nucleus as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: ▪ Abstract At luminosities above 1011 , infrared galaxies become the dominant population of extragalactic objects in the local Universe (z ≲ 0.3), being more numerous than optically selected starburst and Seyfert galaxies and quasi-stellar objects at comparable bolometric luminosity. The trigger for the intense infrared emission appears to be the strong interaction/merger of molecular gas-rich spirals, and the bulk of the infrared luminosity for all but the most luminous objects is due to dust heating from an intense starburst within giant molecular clouds. At the highest luminosities (Lir > 1012 ), nearly all objects appear to be advanced mergers powered by a mixture of circumnuclear starburst and active galactic nucleus energy sources, both of which are fueled by an enormous concentration of molecular gas that has been funneled into the merger nucleus. These ultraluminous infrared galaxies may represent an important stage in the formation of quasi-stellar objects and powerful radio galaxies. They may al...

2,911 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review progress over the past decade in observations of large-scale star formation, with a focus on the interface between extragalactic and Galactic studies.
Abstract: We review progress over the past decade in observations of large-scale star formation, with a focus on the interface between extragalactic and Galactic studies. Methods of measuring gas contents and star-formation rates are discussed, and updated prescriptions for calculating star-formation rates are provided. We review relations between star formation and gas on scales ranging from entire galaxies to individual molecular clouds.

2,525 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Norman A. Grogin1, Dale D. Kocevski2, Sandra M. Faber2, Henry C. Ferguson1, Anton M. Koekemoer1, Adam G. Riess3, Viviana Acquaviva4, David M. Alexander5, Omar Almaini6, Matthew L. N. Ashby7, Marco Barden8, Eric F. Bell9, Frédéric Bournaud10, Thomas M. Brown1, Karina Caputi11, Stefano Casertano1, Paolo Cassata12, Marco Castellano, Peter Challis7, Ranga-Ram Chary13, Edmond Cheung2, Michele Cirasuolo14, Christopher J. Conselice6, Asantha Cooray15, Darren J. Croton16, Emanuele Daddi10, Tomas Dahlen1, Romeel Davé17, Duilia F. de Mello18, Duilia F. de Mello19, Avishai Dekel20, Mark Dickinson, Timothy Dolch3, Jennifer L. Donley1, James Dunlop11, Aaron A. Dutton21, David Elbaz10, Giovanni G. Fazio7, Alexei V. Filippenko22, Steven L. Finkelstein23, Adriano Fontana, Jonathan P. Gardner19, Peter M. Garnavich24, Eric Gawiser4, Mauro Giavalisco12, Andrea Grazian, Yicheng Guo12, Nimish P. Hathi25, Boris Häussler6, Philip F. Hopkins22, Jiasheng Huang26, Kuang-Han Huang3, Kuang-Han Huang1, Saurabh Jha4, Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe, Robert P. Kirshner7, David C. Koo2, Kamson Lai2, Kyoung-Soo Lee27, Weidong Li22, Jennifer M. Lotz1, Ray A. Lucas1, Piero Madau2, Patrick J. McCarthy25, Elizabeth J. McGrath2, Daniel H. McIntosh28, Ross J. McLure11, Bahram Mobasher29, Leonidas A. Moustakas13, Mark Mozena2, Kirpal Nandra30, Jeffrey A. Newman31, Sami Niemi1, Kai G. Noeske1, Casey Papovich23, Laura Pentericci, Alexandra Pope12, Joel R. Primack2, Abhijith Rajan1, Swara Ravindranath32, Naveen A. Reddy29, Alvio Renzini, Hans-Walter Rix30, Aday R. Robaina33, Steven A. Rodney3, David J. Rosario30, Piero Rosati34, S. Salimbeni12, Claudia Scarlata35, Brian Siana29, Luc Simard36, Joseph Smidt15, Rachel S. Somerville4, Hyron Spinrad22, Amber Straughn19, Louis-Gregory Strolger37, Olivia Telford31, Harry I. Teplitz13, Jonathan R. Trump2, Arjen van der Wel30, Carolin Villforth1, Risa H. Wechsler38, Benjamin J. Weiner17, Tommy Wiklind39, Vivienne Wild11, Grant W. Wilson12, Stijn Wuyts30, Hao Jing Yan40, Min S. Yun12 
TL;DR: The Cosmic Assembly Near-IR Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS) as discussed by the authors was designed to document the first third of galactic evolution, from z approx. 8 - 1.5 to test their accuracy as standard candles for cosmology.
Abstract: The Cosmic Assembly Near-IR Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS) is designed to document the first third of galactic evolution, from z approx. 8 - 1.5. It will image > 250,000 distant galaxies using three separate cameras on the Hubble Space Tele8cope, from the mid-UV to near-IR, and will find and measure Type Ia supernovae beyond z > 1.5 to test their accuracy as standard candles for cosmology. Five premier multi-wavelength sky regions are selected, each with extensive ancillary data. The use of five widely separated fields mitigates cosmic variance and yields statistically robust and complete samples of galaxies down to a stellar mass of 10(exp 9) solar mass to z approx. 2, reaching the knee of the UV luminosity function of galaxies to z approx. 8. The survey covers approximately 800 square arc minutes and is divided into two parts. The CANDELS/Deep survey (5(sigma) point-source limit H =27.7mag) covers approx. 125 square arcminutes within GOODS-N and GOODS-S. The CANDELS/Wide survey includes GOODS and three additional fields (EGS, COSMOS, and UDS) and covers the full area to a 50(sigma) point-source limit of H ? or approx. = 27.0 mag. Together with the Hubble Ultradeep Fields, the strategy creates a three-tiered "wedding cake" approach that has proven efficient for extragalactic surveys. Data from the survey are non-proprietary and are useful for a wide variety of science investigations. In this paper, we describe the basic motivations for the survey, the CANDELS team science goals and the resulting observational requirements, the field selection and geometry, and the observing design.

2,088 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a robust method to constrain average galaxy star formation rates, star formation histories (SFHs), and the intracluster light (ICL) as a function of halo mass is presented.
Abstract: We present a robust method to constrain average galaxy star formation rates (SFRs), star formation histories (SFHs), and the intracluster light (ICL) as a function of halo mass. Our results are consistent with observed galaxy stellar mass functions, specific star formation rates (SSFRs), and cosmic star formation rates (CSFRs) from z = 0 to z = 8. We consider the effects of a wide range of uncertainties on our results, including those affecting stellar masses, SFRs, and the halo mass function at the heart of our analysis. As they are relevant to our method, we also present new calibrations of the dark matter halo mass function, halo mass accretion histories, and halo-subhalo merger rates out to z = 8. We also provide new compilations of CSFRs and SSFRs; more recent measurements are now consistent with the buildup of the cosmic stellar mass density at all redshifts. Implications of our work include: halos near 1012 M ☉ are the most efficient at forming stars at all redshifts, the baryon conversion efficiency of massive halos drops markedly after z ~ 2.5 (consistent with theories of cold-mode accretion), the ICL for massive galaxies is expected to be significant out to at least z ~ 1-1.5, and dwarf galaxies at low redshifts have higher stellar mass to halo mass ratios than previous expectations and form later than in most theoretical models. Finally, we provide new fitting formulae for SFHs that are more accurate than the standard declining tau model. Our approach places a wide variety of observations relating to the SFH of galaxies into a self-consistent framework based on the modern understanding of structure formation in ΛCDM. Constraints on the stellar mass-halo mass relationship and SFRs are available for download online.

2,085 citations