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Miwa Arai

Other affiliations: Yokohama National University
Bio: Miwa Arai is an academic researcher from National Agriculture and Food Research Organization. The author has contributed to research in topics: Soil carbon & Ecosystem. The author has an hindex of 6, co-authored 7 publications receiving 225 citations. Previous affiliations of Miwa Arai include Yokohama National University.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
Helen Phillips1, Carlos A. Guerra2, Marie Luise Carolina Bartz3, Maria J. I. Briones4, George G. Brown5, Thomas W. Crowther6, Olga Ferlian1, Konstantin B. Gongalsky7, Johan van den Hoogen6, Julia Krebs1, Alberto Orgiazzi, Devin Routh6, Benjamin Schwarz8, Elizabeth M. Bach, Joanne M. Bennett2, Ulrich Brose9, Thibaud Decaëns, Birgitta König-Ries9, Michel Loreau, Jérôme Mathieu, Christian Mulder10, Wim H. van der Putten11, Kelly S. Ramirez, Matthias C. Rillig12, David J. Russell13, Michiel Rutgers, Madhav P. Thakur, Franciska T. de Vries, Diana H. Wall14, David A. Wardle, Miwa Arai15, Fredrick O. Ayuke16, Geoff H. Baker17, Robin Beauséjour, José Camilo Bedano18, Klaus Birkhofer19, Eric Blanchart, Bernd Blossey20, Thomas Bolger21, Robert L. Bradley, Mac A. Callaham22, Yvan Capowiez, Mark E. Caulfield11, Amy Choi23, Felicity Crotty24, Andrea Dávalos20, Andrea Dávalos25, Darío J. Díaz Cosín, Anahí Domínguez18, Andrés Esteban Duhour26, Nick van Eekeren, Christoph Emmerling27, Liliana B. Falco26, Rosa Fernández, Steven J. Fonte14, Carlos Fragoso, André L.C. Franco, Martine Fugère, Abegail T Fusilero28, Shaieste Gholami29, Michael J. Gundale, Mónica Gutiérrez López, Davorka K. Hackenberger30, Luis M. Hernández, Takuo Hishi31, Andrew R. Holdsworth32, Martin Holmstrup33, Kristine N. Hopfensperger34, Esperanza Huerta Lwanga11, Veikko Huhta, Tunsisa T. Hurisso14, Tunsisa T. Hurisso35, Basil V. Iannone, Madalina Iordache36, Monika Joschko, Nobuhiro Kaneko37, Radoslava Kanianska38, Aidan M. Keith39, Courtland Kelly14, Maria Kernecker, Jonatan Klaminder, Armand W. Koné40, Yahya Kooch41, Sanna T. Kukkonen, H. Lalthanzara42, Daniel R. Lammel43, Daniel R. Lammel12, Iurii M. Lebedev7, Yiqing Li44, Juan B. Jesús Lidón, Noa Kekuewa Lincoln45, Scott R. Loss46, Raphaël Marichal, Radim Matula, Jan Hendrik Moos47, Gerardo Moreno48, Alejandro Morón-Ríos, Bart Muys49, Johan Neirynck50, Lindsey Norgrove, Marta Novo, Visa Nuutinen51, Victoria Nuzzo, Mujeeb Rahman P, Johan Pansu17, Shishir Paudel46, Guénola Pérès, Lorenzo Pérez-Camacho52, Raúl Piñeiro, Jean-François Ponge, Muhammad Rashid53, Muhammad Rashid54, Salvador Rebollo52, Javier Rodeiro-Iglesias4, Miguel Á. Rodríguez52, Alexander M. Roth55, Guillaume Xavier Rousseau56, Anna Rożen57, Ehsan Sayad29, Loes van Schaik58, Bryant C. Scharenbroch59, Michael Schirrmann60, Olaf Schmidt21, Boris Schröder61, Julia Seeber62, Maxim Shashkov63, Maxim Shashkov64, Jaswinder Singh65, Sandy M. Smith23, Michael Steinwandter, José Antonio Talavera66, Dolores Trigo, Jiro Tsukamoto67, Anne W. de Valença, Steven J. Vanek14, Iñigo Virto68, Adrian A. Wackett55, Matthew W. Warren, Nathaniel H. Wehr, Joann K. Whalen69, Michael B. Wironen70, Volkmar Wolters71, Irina V. Zenkova, Weixin Zhang72, Erin K. Cameron73, Nico Eisenhauer1 
Leipzig University1, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg2, Universidade Positivo3, University of Vigo4, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária5, ETH Zurich6, Moscow State University7, University of Freiburg8, University of Jena9, University of Catania10, Wageningen University and Research Centre11, Free University of Berlin12, Senckenberg Museum13, Colorado State University14, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization15, University of Nairobi16, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation17, National Scientific and Technical Research Council18, Brandenburg University of Technology19, Cornell University20, University College Dublin21, United States Forest Service22, University of Toronto23, Aberystwyth University24, State University of New York at Cortland25, National University of Luján26, University of Trier27, University of the Philippines Mindanao28, Razi University29, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek30, Kyushu University31, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency32, Aarhus University33, Northern Kentucky University34, Lincoln University (Missouri)35, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad36, Fukushima University37, Matej Bel University38, Lancaster University39, Université d'Abobo-Adjamé40, Tarbiat Modares University41, Pachhunga University College42, University of São Paulo43, University of Hawaii at Hilo44, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources45, Oklahoma State University–Stillwater46, Forest Research Institute47, University of Extremadura48, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven49, Research Institute for Nature and Forest50, Natural Resources Institute Finland51, University of Alcalá52, King Abdulaziz University53, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology54, University of Minnesota55, Federal University of Maranhão56, Jagiellonian University57, Technical University of Berlin58, University of Wisconsin-Madison59, Leibniz Association60, Braunschweig University of Technology61, University of Innsbruck62, Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics63, Russian Academy of Sciences64, Khalsa College, Amritsar65, University of La Laguna66, Kōchi University67, Universidad Pública de Navarra68, McGill University69, The Nature Conservancy70, University of Giessen71, Henan University72, University of Saint Mary73
25 Oct 2019-Science
TL;DR: It was found that local species richness and abundance typically peaked at higher latitudes, displaying patterns opposite to those observed in aboveground organisms, which suggest that climate change may have serious implications for earthworm communities and for the functions they provide.
Abstract: Soil organisms, including earthworms, are a key component of terrestrial ecosystems. However, little is known about their diversity, their distribution, and the threats affecting them. We compiled a global dataset of sampled earthworm communities from 6928 sites in 57 countries as a basis for predicting patterns in earthworm diversity, abundance, and biomass. We found that local species richness and abundance typically peaked at higher latitudes, displaying patterns opposite to those observed in aboveground organisms. However, high species dissimilarity across tropical locations may cause diversity across the entirety of the tropics to be higher than elsewhere. Climate variables were found to be more important in shaping earthworm communities than soil properties or habitat cover. These findings suggest that climate change may have serious implications for earthworm communities and for the functions they provide.

223 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jun 2014-Geoderma
TL;DR: In this article, the changes in water stable aggregates (WSA) and soil carbon (C) at a site in Akame, Mie, Japan, operating a no-tillage with weed mulch management (NWM) system over a chronosequence from 0 to 17 years after conversion from conventional tillage practices (0, 5, 10, 15, and 17 years).

35 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Nov 2017-Geoderma
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of two tillage practices (conventional tillage and no-till farming and weed mulching) and their interaction on earthworm abundance, soil aggregates, and soil carbon at two years after land conversion from grassland to agricultural land were studied.

32 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of earthworm activity on soil aggregate size was investigated and it was found that earthworms constituted approximately 80% of the total soil, reflecting NT and accumulation of earthworms casts (> 1mm).
Abstract: Soil aggregates are known to increase under no-tillage management (NT). We hypothesized that earthworm activity increase soil carbon (C), and investigated the effect of earthworm activity on soil aggregate size (>1 mm: L, 1 mm) composed approximately 80% of the total soil, reflecting NT and accumulation of earthworm casts (>1 mm). The winter cover crop Secale cereale L. at NC and earthworms and weeds Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel at NF had Δ14C values of 30.1‰, 35.3‰, and 41.9‰, respectively. Earthworms incorporated C recently fixed by plants, whereas all soil samples showed negative Δ14C values (

32 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The findings suggest that the microbial communities change their composition and functionality in response to the NT and M treatments, and these shifts have the potential to affect important soil processes that sustain crop productivity, such as C sequestration and major nutrient cycles.
Abstract: This study examined the effect of conversion from a conventional tillage (CT) to a no-tillage (NT) practice and of bagasse mulching (M) on soil microbial community composition and potential functions, using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and shotgun metagenome sequencing. Our results showed that both the NT and the M treatment increased microbial PLFAs. The shotgun sequencing results suggested that the functional profiles are more resistant to agricultural managements than to community compositions, which supports the hypothesis of the functional redundancy of soil microbial communities. However, some metabolism-related sequences were significantly affected by different treatments. The percentage of sequences related to metabolism of carbohydrates, especially saccharide groups, was significantly higher in the CT soils than in NT and M soils, which may be linked to lower carbon (C) availability in CT soils. Compared with CT, the NT had higher alpha diversity and more sequences related to DNA metabolism, which may be associated with higher nutrient availability. On the other hand, the M treatment decreased the percentages of sequences related to the metabolism of amino acids and derivatives, which may be due to the limited nitrogen (N) because of the high C/N ratio of bagasse. We also observed interaction effects of the NT and M treatments; although both the NT and M treatments increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, this variable in NT + M soils was not higher than in each single treatment. Overall, our findings suggest that the microbial communities change their composition and functionality in response to the NT and M treatments, and these shifts have the potential to affect important soil processes that sustain crop productivity, such as C sequestration and major nutrient cycles.

29 citations


Cited by
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01 Dec 2010
TL;DR: In this article, the authors suggest a reduction in the global NPP of 0.55 petagrams of carbon, which would not only weaken the terrestrial carbon sink, but would also intensify future competition between food demand and biofuel production.
Abstract: Terrestrial net primary production (NPP) quantifies the amount of atmospheric carbon fixed by plants and accumulated as biomass. Previous studies have shown that climate constraints were relaxing with increasing temperature and solar radiation, allowing an upward trend in NPP from 1982 through 1999. The past decade (2000 to 2009) has been the warmest since instrumental measurements began, which could imply continued increases in NPP; however, our estimates suggest a reduction in the global NPP of 0.55 petagrams of carbon. Large-scale droughts have reduced regional NPP, and a drying trend in the Southern Hemisphere has decreased NPP in that area, counteracting the increased NPP over the Northern Hemisphere. A continued decline in NPP would not only weaken the terrestrial carbon sink, but it would also intensify future competition between food demand and proposed biofuel production.

1,780 citations

01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: The GMTED2010 layer extents (minimum and maximum latitude and longitude) are a result of the coordinate system inherited from the 1-arcsecond SRTM.
Abstract: For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS. For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. 10. Diagram showing the GMTED2010 layer extents (minimum and maximum latitude and longitude) are a result of the coordinate system inherited from the 1-arc-second SRTM

802 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that understanding the role that plant–soil feedback plays in shaping the responses of plant community composition and ecosystem processes to global environmental changes requires unravelling the individual contributions of enemies, symbionts and decomposers.
Abstract: Summary It is increasingly acknowledged that plant–soil feedbacks may play an important role in driving the composition of plant communities and functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. However, the mechanistic understanding of plant–soil feedbacks, as well as their roles in natural ecosystems in proportion to other possible drivers, is still in its infancy. Such knowledge will enhance our capacity to determine the contribution of plant–soil feedback to community and ecosystem responses under global environmental change. Here, we review how plant–soil feedbacks may develop under extreme drought and precipitation events, CO2 and nitrogen enrichment, temperature increase, land use change and plant species loss vs. gain. We present a framework for opening the ‘black box of soil’ considering the responses of the various biotic components (enemies, symbionts and decomposers) of plant–soil feedback to the global environmental changes, and we discuss how to integrate these components to understand and predict the net effects of plant–soil feedbacks under the various scenarios of change. To gain an understanding of how plant–soil feedback plays out in realistic settings, we also use the framework to discuss its interaction with other drivers of plant community composition, including competition, facilitation, herbivory, and soil physical and chemical properties. We conclude that understanding the role that plant–soil feedback plays in shaping the responses of plant community composition and ecosystem processes to global environmental changes requires unravelling the individual contributions of enemies, symbionts and decomposers. These biotic factors may show different response rates and strengths, thereby resulting in different net magnitudes and directions of plant–soil feedbacks under various scenarios of global change. We also need tests of plant–soil feedback under more realistic conditions to determine its contribution to changes in patterns and processes in the field, both at ecologically and evolutionary relevant time-scales.

356 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify and characterize existing environmental gaps in soil taxa and ecosystem functioning data across soil macroecological studies and 17,186 sampling sites across the globe.
Abstract: Soils harbor a substantial fraction of the world's biodiversity, contributing to many crucial ecosystem functions. It is thus essential to identify general macroecological patterns related to the distribution and functioning of soil organisms to support their conservation and consideration by governance. These macroecological analyses need to represent the diversity of environmental conditions that can be found worldwide. Here we identify and characterize existing environmental gaps in soil taxa and ecosystem functioning data across soil macroecological studies and 17,186 sampling sites across the globe. These data gaps include important spatial, environmental, taxonomic, and functional gaps, and an almost complete absence of temporally explicit data. We also identify the limitations of soil macroecological studies to explore general patterns in soil biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships, with only 0.3% of all sampling sites having both information about biodiversity and function, although with different taxonomic groups and functions at each site. Based on this information, we provide clear priorities to support and expand soil macroecological research.

160 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Nov 2016
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that explicit consideration of soil fauna is essential to make realistic modelling predictions on SOM dynamics and to detect expected non-linear responses of SOM dynamics to global change.
Abstract: . Soil organic matter (SOM) is key to maintaining soil fertility, mitigating climate change, combatting land degradation, and conserving above- and below-ground biodiversity and associated soil processes and ecosystem services. In order to derive management options for maintaining these essential services provided by soils, policy makers depend on robust, predictive models identifying key drivers of SOM dynamics. Existing SOM models and suggested guidelines for future SOM modelling are defined mostly in terms of plant residue quality and input and microbial decomposition, overlooking the significant regulation provided by soil fauna. The fauna controls almost any aspect of organic matter turnover, foremost by regulating the activity and functional composition of soil microorganisms and their physical–chemical connectivity with soil organic matter. We demonstrate a very strong impact of soil animals on carbon turnover, increasing or decreasing it by several dozen percent, sometimes even turning C sinks into C sources or vice versa. This is demonstrated not only for earthworms and other larger invertebrates but also for smaller fauna such as Collembola. We suggest that inclusion of soil animal activities (plant residue consumption and bioturbation altering the formation, depth, hydraulic properties and physical heterogeneity of soils) can fundamentally affect the predictive outcome of SOM models. Understanding direct and indirect impacts of soil fauna on nutrient availability, carbon sequestration, greenhouse gas emissions and plant growth is key to the understanding of SOM dynamics in the context of global carbon cycling models. We argue that explicit consideration of soil fauna is essential to make realistic modelling predictions on SOM dynamics and to detect expected non-linear responses of SOM dynamics to global change. We present a decision framework, to be further developed through the activities of KEYSOM, a European COST Action, for when mechanistic SOM models include soil fauna. The research activities of KEYSOM, such as field experiments and literature reviews, together with dialogue between empiricists and modellers, will inform how this is to be done.

149 citations