Mohammad Abdelbaky

Bio: Mohammad Abdelbaky is an academic researcher from Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. The author has contributed to research in topics: Battery (electricity) & Software deployment. The author has an hindex of 2, co-authored 3 publications receiving 9 citations.

A dynamic material flow analysis of lithium-ion battery metals for electric vehicles and grid storage in the UK: Assessing the impact of shared mobility and end-of-life strategies

Abstract: Limiting human-induced climate change represents a critical challenge for the future, and due to their disproportionate contribution to the problem, the energy and transport sectors are attracting the most attention in terms of emission reduction roadmaps and targets. Energy storage, particularly electrochemical storage, is poised to be a cornerstone in allowing those sectors to become more sustainable. This study presents the results of an integrated dynamic material flow analysis of the cumulative demand for lithium-ion battery metals (Li, Co, Ni and Mn) by the light duty vehicle and electricity generation sectors in the UK over the next three decades. Results have shown that recycling of end-of-life electric vehicle battery packs is very effective in “closing the loop”, and would enable driving the demand for all four metals back down to present levels by 2050, despite having achieved by then a complete shift to 100% electric vehicles. Additionally, repurposing end-of-life vehicle batteries for grid storage (with over 50 GWh of grid storage capacity expected to be in place by 2050) has been found to enable reducing purpose-built grid storage batteries to zero. Finally, an additional scenario analysis has indicated that a widespread behavioural shift from conventional vehicle ownership to shared mobility could even drive the demand for virgin battery metals into negative territory by 2040.

Material flow analysis for end-of-life lithium-ion batteries from battery electric vehicles in the USA and China

Abstract: In the fight for reducing GHG emissions from road transport, electromobility has gained huge attention in recent years. However, the higher adoption of battery electric vehicles in the transportation sector will increase the demand for battery materials, including nickel, lithium, copper, cobalt, and graphite. Therefore, this study estimates the future lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) market in the USA and China and its influences on the materials demand, end of life reaching of LIBs material, and second use based on three different scenarios. For this purpose, a multidimensional scenario analysis was developed for 2012 to 2030 to analyze the material flows from batteries of passenger electric vehicles in China and the USA. The result suggests strong benefits of a circular battery values chain. The results from three scenarios showed that in 2030 there would be around 5–7 kt of recovered Li, 35–60 kt of recovered Ni only in China. Based on the economic evaluation of LIBs in scenario 2, it was found that recovered nickel would have the economic values of 725 million US dollars only in 2030 in China. Through the second use assessment of LIBs in the third scenario, where 50% of used batteries were assumed for second use application, it was found that around 33 GWh batteries would be available for second use only in 2030 in China. Therefore, the larger portion of used LIBs should be utilized for a second life as it could further delay the recycling of LIBs, which can further give time to the government so that the improved and larger recycling infrastructure could be built to tackle a higher amount of coming used LIBs.

Separation of lithium, nickel, manganese, and cobalt from waste lithium-ion batteries using electrodialysis

Abstract: With the expansion of lithium-ion battery market and the awareness of environmental protection, the development of green and sustainable technologies to recycle waste lithium-ion batteries has become urgent. Electrodialysis is an emerging green process to recover valuable metals from postconsumer lithium-ion batteries. This study focuses on the separation and recovery of lithium, nickel, manganese, and cobalt from LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 chemistry of lithium-ion batteries using electrodialysis. Prior to the electrodialysis experiment, complexation of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) with four different metals is assessed using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Using the developed three-stage electrodialysis process, 99.3% of nickel is separated in stage 1 and 87.3% of cobalt is then separated in stage 2 using electrodialysis coupled with EDTA. About 99% of lithium is sequentially separated from manganese in stage 3 using electrodialysis with a monovalent cation-exchange membrane. After the electrodialysis experiment, nickel and cobalt are decomplexed from EDTA at pH below 0.5 and all four metals are recovered with high purity of >99%. Electrodialysis offers a new route to recycle lithium-ion batteries with twofold benefits of providing a secondary source for strategic materials and reducing the number of lithium-ion batteries that are landfilled after they reach their end of life.

Separation of lithium, nickel, manganese, and cobalt from waste lithium-ion batteries using electrodialysis

Abstract: With the expansion of lithium-ion battery market and the awareness of environmental protection, the development of green and sustainable technologies to recycle waste lithium-ion batteries has become urgent. Electrodialysis is an emerging green process to recover valuable metals from postconsumer lithium-ion batteries. This study focuses on the separation and recovery of lithium, nickel, manganese, and cobalt from LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 chemistry of lithium-ion batteries using electrodialysis. Prior to the electrodialysis experiment, complexation of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) with four different metals is assessed using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Using the developed three-stage electrodialysis process, 99.3% of nickel is separated in stage 1 and 87.3% of cobalt is then separated in stage 2 using electrodialysis coupled with EDTA. About 99% of lithium is sequentially separated from manganese in stage 3 using electrodialysis with a monovalent cation-exchange membrane. After the electrodialysis experiment, nickel and cobalt are decomplexed from EDTA at pH below 0.5 and all four metals are recovered with high purity of >99%. Electrodialysis offers a new route to recycle lithium-ion batteries with twofold benefits of providing a secondary source for strategic materials and reducing the number of lithium-ion batteries that are landfilled after they reach their end of life.