Mohammad Hassan Esmailnejad

Bio: Mohammad Hassan Esmailnejad is an academic researcher from University of Mohaghegh Ardabili. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 2 citations.

Emerging therapeutic targets for gastric cancer from a host-Helicobacter pylori interaction perspective

Abstract: Introduction As a multifactorial disorder, gastric cancer (GC) has higher genetic, cytologic, and architectural heterogeneity compared to other gastrointestinal cancers. Its late diagnosis has made its treatment challenging. By inducing gastric inflammation, Helicobacter pylori (HP) may lead to GC through combining bacterial factors with host factors. In this regard, identification of the major therapeutic targets against the host-HP interactions plays a critical role in GC prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Areas covered This study offers new insights into the promising therapeutic targets against the angiogenesis, invasion, or metastasis of GC from a host-HP interaction perspective. To this end, MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, AIM, and IndMed databases were searched for relevant articles since 1992. Expert opinion Wnt signaling and COX pathway have a well-documented history in the genesis of GC by HP and might be considered as the most promising targets for early GC treatment. Destroying HP may decrease the risk of GC, but it cannot fully hinder the GC development induced by HP infection. Therefore, targeting HP-activated pathways, especially COX-2/Wnt/beta-catenin/VEGF, TLR2/TLR9/COX-2, COX2-PGE2, and NF-κB/COX-2, as well as EPHA2, MMPs, and miR-543/SIRT1 axis, can be an effective measure in the early treatment of GC. However, different clinical trials and large, multi-center cohorts are required to validate these potentially effective targets for GC therapy.

Interplay and cooperation of Helicobacter pylori and gut microbiota in gastric carcinogenesis.

Abstract: Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection is a critical risk factor for gastric cancer (GC). However, only 1–3 % of people with H. pylori develop GC. In gastric carcinogenesis, non-H. pylori bacteria in the stomach might interact with H. pylori. Bacterial dysbiosis in the stomach can strengthen gastric neoplasia development via generating tumor-promoting metabolites, DNA damaging, suppressing antitumor immunity, and activating oncogenic signaling pathways. Other bacterial species may generate short-chain fatty acids like butyrate that may inhibit carcinogenesis and inflammation in the human stomach. The present article aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of the effects of gut microbiota and H. pylori on the development of GC. Next, the potential mechanisms of intestinal microbiota were discussed in gastric carcinogenesis. We also disserted the complicated interactions between H. pylori, intestinal microbiota, and host in gastric carcinogenesis, thus helping us to design new strategies for preventing, diagnosing, and treating GC.

Oncolytic Virotherapy in Peritoneal Metastasis Gastric Cancer: The Challenges and Achievements

Abstract: Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death globally. Although the mortality rate in some parts of the world, such as East Asia, is still high, new treatments and lifestyle changes have effectively reduced deaths from this type of cancer. One of the main challenges of this type of cancer is its late diagnosis and poor prognosis. GC patients are usually diagnosed in the advanced stages of the disease, which is often associated with peritoneal metastasis (PM) and significantly reduces survival. This type of metastasis in patients with GC poses a serious challenge due to limitations in common therapies such as surgery and tumor resection, as well as failure to respond to systemic chemotherapy. To solve this problem, researchers have used virotherapy such as reovirus-based anticancer therapy in patients with GC along with PM who are resistant to current chemotherapies because this therapeutic approach is able to overcome immune suppression by activating dendritic cells (DCs) and eventually lead to the intrinsic activity of antitumor effector T cells. This review summarizes the immunopathogenesis of peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer (PMGC) and the details for using virotherapy as an effective anticancer treatment approach, as well as its challenges and opportunities.

Production of Functional Ice Cream Fortified by Immunoglobulin Y against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Helicobacter Pylori

Abstract: The production of effective functional foods that can increase public health is paramount to scientists. This study aimed to optimize methods for developing bio-ice cream comprising IgY versus Escherichia coli O157 and Helicobacter pylori. Leghorn hens were immunized intramuscularly with antigens. The egg yolk was separated from the egg, and the IgY antibody was then purified using the PEG 6000 method. Maximum IgY was reached in 2 weeks with IgY concentrations of 14.56, 11.46, 16.34, and 6.87 mg/ml for H. pylori, E. coli O157, E. coli + H. pylori, and control, respectively. The results showed that 0.6 mg/ml concentration of IgY had a significant inhibitory effect on bacteria growth using disk diffusion methods. Also, ELISA results showed that IgY activity was reliable and remained active in ice cream for 3 months. According to sensory evaluation, the global acceptance scores and the other attributes revealed the acceptable acceptance of IgY egg yolk ice cream. Consequently, it can be stated that the ice cream matrix can be considered an ideal candidate for carrying antibodies into the host body, as the specific ingredients of the ice cream matrix can appropriately protect IgY antibodies.