Mohammad Kamrul Hasan

Bio: Mohammad Kamrul Hasan is an academic researcher from National University of Malaysia. The author has contributed to research in topics: Computer science & Femtocell. The author has an hindex of 12, co-authored 129 publications receiving 568 citations. Previous affiliations of Mohammad Kamrul Hasan include Islamic University & Universiti Malaysia Sarawak.

IoT for Smart Cities: Machine Learning Approaches in Smart Healthcare—A Review

Abstract: Smart city is a collective term for technologies and concepts that are directed toward making cities efficient, technologically more advanced, greener and more socially inclusive. These concepts include technical, economic and social innovations. This term has been tossed around by various actors in politics, business, administration and urban planning since the 2000s to establish tech-based changes and innovations in urban areas. The idea of the smart city is used in conjunction with the utilization of digital technologies and at the same time represents a reaction to the economic, social and political challenges that post-industrial societies are confronted with at the start of the new millennium. The key focus is on dealing with challenges faced by urban society, such as environmental pollution, demographic change, population growth, healthcare, the financial crisis or scarcity of resources. In a broader sense, the term also includes non-technical innovations that make urban life more sustainable. So far, the idea of using IoT-based sensor networks for healthcare applications is a promising one with the potential of minimizing inefficiencies in the existing infrastructure. A machine learning approach is key to successful implementation of the IoT-powered wireless sensor networks for this purpose since there is large amount of data to be handled intelligently. Throughout this paper, it will be discussed in detail how AI-powered IoT and WSNs are applied in the healthcare sector. This research will be a baseline study for understanding the role of the IoT in smart cities, in particular in the healthcare sector, for future research works.

Internet of Things and Its Applications: A Comprehensive Survey

Abstract: With the evolution of the fifth-generation (5G) wireless network, the Internet of Things (IoT) has become a revolutionary technique that enables a diverse number of features and applications. It can able a diverse amount of devices to be connected in order to create a single communication architecture. As it has significantly expanded in recent years, it is fundamental to study this trending technology in detail and take a close look at its applications in the different domains. It represents an enabler of new communication possibilities between people and things. The main asset of this concept is its significant influence through the creation of a new world dimension. The key features required for employing a large-scale IoT are low-cost sensors, high-speed and error-tolerant data communications, smart computations, and numerous applications. This research work is presented in four main sections, including a general overview of IoT technology, a summary of previous correlated surveys, a review regarding the main IoT applications, and a section on the challenges of IoT. The purpose of this study is to fully cover the applications of IoT, including healthcare, environmental, commercial, industrial, smart cities, and infrastructural applications. This work explains the concept of IoT and defines and summarizes its main technologies and uses, offering a next-generation protocol as a solution to the challenges. IoT challenges were investigated to enhance research and development in the fields. The contribution and weaknesses of each research work cited are covered, highlighting eventual possible research questions and open matters for IoT applications to ensure a full analysis coverage of the discussed papers.

Lightweight Encryption Technique to Enhance Medical Image Security on Internet of Medical Things Applications

Abstract: The importance of image security in the field of medical imaging is challenging. Several research works have been conducted to secure medical healthcare images. Encryption, not risking loss of data, is the right solution for image confidentiality. Due to data size limitations, redundancy, and capacity, traditional encryption techniques cannot be applied directly to e-health data, especially when patient data are transferred over the open channels. Therefore, patients may lose the privacy of data contents since images are different from the text because of their two particular factors of loss of data and confidentiality. Researchers have identified such security threats and have proposed several image encryption techniques to mitigate the security problem. However, the study has found that the existing proposed techniques still face application-specific several security problems. Therefore, this paper presents an efficient, lightweight encryption algorithm to develop a secure image encryption technique for the healthcare industry. The proposed lightweight encryption technique employs two permutation techniques to secure medical images. The proposed technique is analyzed, evaluated, and then compared to conventionally encrypted ones in security and execution time. Numerous test images have been used to determine the performance of the proposed algorithm. Several experiments show that the proposed algorithm for image cryptosystems provides better efficiency than conventional techniques.

Review of electric vehicle energy storage and management system: Standards, issues, and challenges

Abstract: Renewable energy is in high demand for a balanced ecosystem. There are different types of energy storage systems available for long-term energy storage, lithium-ion battery is one of the most powerful and being a popular choice of storage. This review paper discusses various aspects of lithium-ion batteries based on a review of 420 published research papers at the initial stage through 101 published research articles that have been finally reviewed. This review paper focuses on several topics, including electrical vehicle (EV) systems, energy management systems, challenges and issues, and the conclusions and recommendations for future work. EV systems discuss all components that are included in producing the lithium-ion battery. The energy storage section contains the batteries, super capacitors, fuel cells, hybrid storage, power, temperature, and heat management. Energy management systems consider battery monitoring for current and voltage, battery charge-discharge control, estimation and protection, cell equalization. This paper's challenges and issues discuss some of the critical aspects of lithium-ion batteries, including temperature and safety, life-cycle and memory effects, environmental effects, and recycling processes. The conclusion and recommendation of this paper indicate the future scope of research. This review paper can provide the lithium-ion battery's insight, overall synopsis and contribution, and further research directions to the EV system.

A systematic review on cognitive radio in low power wide area network for industrial IoT applications

Abstract: The Industrial Internet of things (IIoT) helps several applications that require power control and low cost to achieve long life. The progress of IIoT communications, mainly based on cognitive radio (CR), has been guided to the robust network connectivity. The low power communication is achieved for IIoT sensors applying the Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) with the Sigfox, NBIoT, and LoRaWAN technologies. This paper aims to review the various technologies and protocols for industrial IoT applications. A depth of assessment has been achieved by comparing various technologies considering the key terms such as frequency, data rate, power, coverage, mobility, costing, and QoS. This paper provides an assessment of 64 articles published on electricity control problems of IIoT between 2007 and 2020. That prepares a qualitative technique of answering the research questions (RQ): RQ1: “How cognitive radio engage with the industrial IoT?”, RQ2: “What are the Proposed architectures that Support Cognitive Radio LPWAN based IIOT?”, and RQ3: What key success factors need to comply for reliable CIIoT support in the industry?”. With the systematic literature assessment approach, the effects displayed on the cognitive radio in LPWAN can significantly revolute the commercial IIoT. Thus, researchers are more focused in this regard. The study suggests that the essential factors of design need to be considered to conquer the critical research gaps of the existing LPWAN cognitive-enabled IIoT. A cognitive low energy architecture is brought to ensure efficient and stable communications in a heterogeneous IIoT. It will protect the network layer from offering the customers an efficient platform to rent AI, and various LPWAN technology were explored and investigated.

An Introduction to the Study of Stellar Structure

Abstract: EDDINGTON'S “Internal Constitution of the Stars” was published in 1926 and gives what now ranks as a classical account of his own researches and of the general state of the theory at that time. Since then, a tremendous amount of work has appeared. Much of it has to do with the construction of stellar models with different equations of state applying in different zones. Other parts deal with the effects of varying chemical composition, with pulsation and tidal and rotational distortion of stars, and with the precise relations between the interior and the atmosphere of a star. The striking feature of all this work is that so much can be done without assuming any particular mechanism of stellar energy-generation. Only such very comprehensive assumptions are made about the distribution and behaviour of the energy sources that we may expect future knowledge of their mechanism to lead mainly to more detailed results within the framework of the existing general theory. An Introduction to the Study of Stellar Structure By S. Chandrasekhar. (Astrophysical Monographs sponsored by The Astrophysical Journal.) Pp. ix+509. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press; London: Cambridge University Press, 1939.) 50s. net.

Measuring statistical dependence with Hilbert-Schmidt norms

Abstract: We propose an independence criterion based on the eigen-spectrum of covariance operators in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHSs), consisting of an empirical estimate of the Hilbert-Schmidt norm of the cross-covariance operator (we term this a Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion, or HSIC). This approach has several advantages, compared with previous kernel-based independence criteria. First, the empirical estimate is simpler than any other kernel dependence test, and requires no user-defined regularisation. Second, there is a clearly defined population quantity which the empirical estimate approaches in the large sample limit, with exponential convergence guaranteed between the two: this ensures that independence tests based on HSIC do not suffer from slow learning rates. Finally, we show in the context of independent component analysis (ICA) that the performance of HSIC is competitive with that of previously published kernel-based criteria, and of other recently published ICA methods.

Energy-Efficient Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey

Abstract: The distributed nature and dynamic topology of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) introduces very special requirements in routing protocols that should be met. The most important feature of a routing protocol, in order to be efficient for WSNs, is the energy consumption and the extension of the network's lifetime. During the recent years, many energy efficient routing protocols have been proposed for WSNs. In this paper, energy efficient routing protocols are classified into four main schemes: Network Structure, Communication Model, Topology Based and Reliable Routing. The routing protocols belonging to the first category can be further classified as flat or hierarchical. The routing protocols belonging to the second category can be further classified as Query-based or Coherent and non-coherent-based or Negotiation-based. The routing protocols belonging to the third category can be further classified as Location-based or Mobile Agent-based. The routing protocols belonging to the fourth category can be further classified as QoS-based or Multipath-based. Then, an analytical survey on energy efficient routing protocols for WSNs is provided. In this paper, the classification initially proposed by Al-Karaki, is expanded, in order to enhance all the proposed papers since 2004 and to better describe which issues/operations in each protocol illustrate/enhance the energy-efficiency issues.

IoT for Smart Cities: Machine Learning Approaches in Smart Healthcare—A Review

Abstract: Smart city is a collective term for technologies and concepts that are directed toward making cities efficient, technologically more advanced, greener and more socially inclusive. These concepts include technical, economic and social innovations. This term has been tossed around by various actors in politics, business, administration and urban planning since the 2000s to establish tech-based changes and innovations in urban areas. The idea of the smart city is used in conjunction with the utilization of digital technologies and at the same time represents a reaction to the economic, social and political challenges that post-industrial societies are confronted with at the start of the new millennium. The key focus is on dealing with challenges faced by urban society, such as environmental pollution, demographic change, population growth, healthcare, the financial crisis or scarcity of resources. In a broader sense, the term also includes non-technical innovations that make urban life more sustainable. So far, the idea of using IoT-based sensor networks for healthcare applications is a promising one with the potential of minimizing inefficiencies in the existing infrastructure. A machine learning approach is key to successful implementation of the IoT-powered wireless sensor networks for this purpose since there is large amount of data to be handled intelligently. Throughout this paper, it will be discussed in detail how AI-powered IoT and WSNs are applied in the healthcare sector. This research will be a baseline study for understanding the role of the IoT in smart cities, in particular in the healthcare sector, for future research works.

Internet of Things and Its Applications: A Comprehensive Survey

Abstract: With the evolution of the fifth-generation (5G) wireless network, the Internet of Things (IoT) has become a revolutionary technique that enables a diverse number of features and applications. It can able a diverse amount of devices to be connected in order to create a single communication architecture. As it has significantly expanded in recent years, it is fundamental to study this trending technology in detail and take a close look at its applications in the different domains. It represents an enabler of new communication possibilities between people and things. The main asset of this concept is its significant influence through the creation of a new world dimension. The key features required for employing a large-scale IoT are low-cost sensors, high-speed and error-tolerant data communications, smart computations, and numerous applications. This research work is presented in four main sections, including a general overview of IoT technology, a summary of previous correlated surveys, a review regarding the main IoT applications, and a section on the challenges of IoT. The purpose of this study is to fully cover the applications of IoT, including healthcare, environmental, commercial, industrial, smart cities, and infrastructural applications. This work explains the concept of IoT and defines and summarizes its main technologies and uses, offering a next-generation protocol as a solution to the challenges. IoT challenges were investigated to enhance research and development in the fields. The contribution and weaknesses of each research work cited are covered, highlighting eventual possible research questions and open matters for IoT applications to ensure a full analysis coverage of the discussed papers.