Mohd Khairul Amri Kamarudin

Bio: Mohd Khairul Amri Kamarudin is an academic researcher from Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin. The author has contributed to research in topics: Water quality & Drainage basin. The author has an hindex of 17, co-authored 170 publications receiving 1211 citations. Previous affiliations of Mohd Khairul Amri Kamarudin include National University of Malaysia.

Prediction of the Level of Air Pollution Using Principal Component Analysis and Artificial Neural Network Techniques: a Case Study in Malaysia

Abstract: This study focused on the pattern recognition of Malaysian air quality based on the data obtained from the Malaysian Department of Environment (DOE). Eight air quality parameters in ten monitoring stations in Malaysia for 7 years (2005–2011) were gathered. Principal component analysis (PCA) in the environmetric approach was used to identify the sources of pollution in the study locations. The combination of PCA and artificial neural networks (ANN) was developed to determine its predictive ability for the air pollutant index (API). The PCA has identified that CH4, NmHC, THC, O3, and PM10 are the most significant parameters. The PCA-ANN showed better predictive ability in the determination of API with fewer variables, with R 2 and root mean square error (RMSE) values of 0.618 and 10.017, respectively. The work has demonstrated the importance of historical data in sampling plan strategies to achieve desired research objectives, as well as to highlight the possibility of determining the optimum number of sampling parameters, which in turn will reduce costs and time of sampling.

Analysis of meander evolution studies on effect from land use and climate change at the upstream reach of the Pahang River, Malaysia

Abstract: Hydrogeomorphologically, the study of river meandering provides information on the tendency of rivers to reach and form a state of equilibrium. The process of meander changes is important in order to identify the environment-related causes that occur naturally or vice versa. Sedimentation, erosion, flood, and water quality problems usually are being specifically studied, but in a broad view, changes in the platform of the river affect all the problems that occur. This article discusses the effects of the meanders evolution changes from land use and climate change in the upstream of Sungai Pahang in over 61 years from 1932 to 1993. Based on Geographical Information System (GIS), the topographic maps, scaled to 1:50,000 in geo-reference, were overlaid and digitalized. The main alignments of the upstream reach from those years were superimposed, and the changes were identified based on sinuosity index. In this task, the study areas were divided into two major plots for river plan classification. The results indicated that the average of alignment on the sinuosity index is 1.24 to 1.48 in plot A, while in plot B, the results are not stable. Based on historical results, a very significant change of meander was identified in the subplot Ua3 in plot A, where 21.2 % segments were recorded with high changes. This could be associated with significant exploration at hilly areas in the Cameron Highlands. Large-scale changes in land use pattern are coupled with global climate change where total rainfall recorded was at 2,760 mm in plot A on the year 1993. While for the plot B segment, the percentage of meander changes is 41.5 % versus plot A which is 86.7 %. This is due to the fact that plot B is the forest reserve and national park, areas with natural environment, possessing lithosols characteristic soils in the upper plot B area, and the trend of land use change (forested areas) is substantially lower than in plot A, with a 10 % difference. The aim of this study is to understand the impact of the land use changes due to climatic conditions on the meander evolution changes at the upstream reach of the Pahang River and suggest a number of solutions to mitigate or adaptation strategies to cope with those changes in the future.

Spatial characterization and identification sources of pollution using multivariate analysis at terengganu river basin, malaysia

Abstract: The spatial water quality data (281x22) obtained from 12 sampling stations located along the Terengganu River and its main tributaries were evaluated with environmetric methods. Principal component analysis was used to investigate the origin of each variable due to land use and human activities based on the three clustered regions obtained from the hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis. Six principal components (PCs) were obtained, where six varimax factor (VF) of values more than 0.70 that considered strong loading are discussed. The possible pollution sources identified are of anthropogenic sources, mainly municipal waste, surface runoff, agricultural runoff, organic pollution and urban storm runoff. As a conclusion, the application of environmetric methods could reveal important information on the spatial variability of a large and complex river water quality data in order to control pollution sources.

Temporal Variability on Lowland River Sediment Properties and Yield

Abstract: Problem statement: A sediment analysis study was conducted at the Chini River on 16 and 31 August 2008. This study was conducted to review the formation of suspended sediment load in the Lake Chini catchment area, which flows into the Pahang River via the Chini River. Approach: Three sampling stations were chosen, the first one at upstream Chini River (S1), mid-stream Chini River (S2) and downstream Chini River (S3). Three parameters were quantified for this study, namely: distribution of sediment grain size (g), concentration of suspended sediment (mg L-1) and river discharge values (in m3 sec-1). Results: The findings of the study show that the sizes of sediment fall between phi O-2.00 with very rough particle sizes falling between phi-1.00 and phi 0.00. At the study area, the daily discharge value is estimated at 722, 304, 00 L day-1. The average suspended sediment concentration recorded for each station shows varying values for both timelines. The values were 27.33 mg L-1 on 16/08/08 and 2.233 mg L-1 on 31/08/08. Conclusion: The average value for all stations calculated based on the formation of suspended sediment load per day falls between 16,480.4627 kg day-1 on 16/08/08 and 1,540.43 kg day-1 on 31/08/08. Overall, when this number was extrapolated to every square kilometre, the result showed that the estimated average sediment that flows out of Lake Chini is 73.22 tonnes km-2 year-1.

Using Multivariate Statistics

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Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change

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Interferometry And Synthesis In Radio Astronomy

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Tourism: a community approach

Abstract: guidance\" (p. xii). They have to some extent succeeded in their objectives. Certainly the compilation of references related to aesthetics and visual resources is a valuable contribution in itsell As is evident from this reader’s perspective, however, the poor organization and execution of the book unhappily detract from its effectiveness. Nora Laughlin is the Forest Landscape Architect and Assistant Recreation Staff on the Six Rivers National Forest, Eureka, California 95501.