What makes organizations so similar? We contend that the engine of rationalization and bureaucratization has moved from the competitive marketplace to the state and the professions. Once a set of organizations emerges as a field, a paradox arises: rational actors make their organizations increasingly similar as they try to change them. We describe three isomorphic processes-coercive, mimetic, and normative—leading to this outcome. We then specify hypotheses about the impact of resource centralization and dependency, goal ambiguity and technical uncertainty, and professionalization and structuration on isomorphic change. Finally, we suggest implications for theories of organizations and social change.

The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields (Chinese Translation)

/pdf/qualitative-research-in-information-systems-1sezxwy02d.pdf

Qualitative Research in Information Systems

Prior to the work of Cable and Hopp (J. Parasit. 40(6): 674.680, 1954) Neoechinorhynchus emydis (L e i d y, 1851) was the only recognized species of Acanthocephala in North American turtles. To date, a total of five species have been described. Of these, two species (Neoechinorbynchus pseudemydis Cable and Hopp, 1954, and N. emyditoides Fisher, 1960) were recovered from six of 12 Louisiana turtles (Pseudemys scripta elegans (Wied)) examined by Fisher (J. Parasit. 46(2): 257-266, 1960). He (1960) also found N. chrysemydis Cable and Hopp, 1954 in Pseudemys scripta subsp. The data pt .sented are results of studies conducted between the spring of 1965 and the summer of 1966. Seventynine turtles (48 female and 31 males) encompassing seven species (47 Pseudemys scripta elegans (Wied), three P. floridana hoyi (Holbrook), eight Chelydra serpentina serpentina (L.), eight Kinosternon subrubrum hippocrepis Gray, seven Terrapene carolina carolina (L.), five T. c. triunguis (Agassiz) and one Trionyx muticus (LeSueur) collected from Baton Rouge and vicinity were examined. This investigation revealed the presence of three species of Acanthocephala (Neoechinorhynchus pseudemydis, N. emyditoides, and N. chrysemydis) in Louisiana turtles and confirms Fisher’s (1960) work. Of the seven species of turtles examined, only P. s. e!egans (25 16 females and 9 males) and P. floridana hoyi (2 females) were positive with infection. Three of the 25 P. s. e!egans had mixed infection comprising three species of Neoechinorhynchus while seven had two species respectively. P. f!oridana hoyi represents a host record for N. chrysemydis;

/pdf/myiasis-in-man-and-animals-in-the-old-world-2flislkl8i.pdf

Myiasis in man and animals in the old world

Phlebotomine sandflies transmit pathogens that affect humans and animals worldwide. We review the roles of phlebotomines in the spreading of leishmaniases, sandfly fever, summer meningitis, vesicular stomatitis, Chandipura virus encephalitis and Carrion's disease. Among over 800 species of sandfly recorded, 98 are proven or suspected vectors of human leishmaniases; these include 42 Phlebotomus species in the Old World and 56 Lutzomyia species in the New World (all: Diptera: Psychodidae). Based on incrimination criteria, we provide an updated list of proven or suspected vector species by endemic country where data are available. Increases in sandfly diffusion and density resulting from increases in breeding sites and blood sources, and the interruption of vector control activities contribute to the spreading of leishmaniasis in the settings of human migration, deforestation, urbanization and conflict. In addition, climatic changes can be expected to affect the density and dispersion of sandflies. Phlebovirus infections and diseases are present in large areas of the Old World, especially in the Mediterranean subregion, in which virus diversity has proven to be higher than initially suspected. Vesiculovirus diseases are important to livestock and humans in the southeastern U.S.A. and Latin America, and represent emerging human threats in parts of India. Carrion's disease, formerly restricted to regions of elevated altitude in Peru, Ecuador and Colombia, has shown recent expansion to non-endemic areas of the Amazon basin.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1365-2915.2012.01034.x

Phlebotomine sandflies and the spreading of leishmaniases and other diseases of public health concern

In the last decades, 3D city models appear to have been predominantly used for visualisation; however, today they are being increasingly employed in a number of domains and for a large range of tasks beyond visualisation. In this paper, we seek to understand and document the state of the art regarding the utilisation of 3D city models across multiple domains based on a comprehensive literature study including hundreds of research papers, technical reports and online resources. A challenge in a study such as ours is that the ways in which 3D city models are used cannot be readily listed due to fuzziness, terminological ambiguity, unclear added-value of 3D geoinformation in some instances, and absence of technical information. To address this challenge, we delineate a hierarchical terminology (spatial operations, use cases, applications), and develop a theoretical reasoning to segment and categorise the diverse uses of 3D city models. Following this framework, we provide a list of identified use cases of 3D city models (with a description of each), and their applications. Our study demonstrates that 3D city models are employed in at least 29 use cases that are a part of more than 100 applications. The classified inventory could be useful for scientists as well as stakeholders in the geospatial industry, such as companies and national mapping agencies, as it may serve as a reference document to better position their operations, design product portfolios, and to better understand the market.

/pdf/applications-of-3d-city-models-state-of-the-art-review-3yewcl5e4i.pdf

Applications of 3D City Models: State of the Art Review

A new 3D indoor/outdoor spatial model for indoor emergency response facilitation

Towards integration of 3D legal and physical objects in cadastral data models

Visualization requirements for 3D cadastral systems

The ubiquity of smartphones and social media such as Twitter is clearly blurring traditional boundaries between producers and consumers of information. This is especially the case in emergency situations where people in the scene create and share on-the-spot information about the incident in real time. However, despite the proven importance of such platforms, finding event-related information from the real-time feeds of thousands of tweets is a significant challenge. This paper introduces a novel method for detecting event-specific and informative tweets that are likely to be beneficial for emergency response. The method investigates a sample dataset of tweets which was collected during a storm event passing over a specific area. The sample is manually labelled by three emergency management experts who annotated the sample dataset to obtain the ground truth through identification of the event-related tweets. A selected number of representative event-related tweets are used to extract the common patterns and to define event related term-classes based on term frequency analysis. The term-classes are used to evaluate the event relatedness of a sample dataset through a relationship scoring process. Consequently, each sample tweet is given an event-relatedness score which indicates how related a tweet is to the storm event. The results are compared with the ground truth to determine the cut-off relatedness score and to evaluate the performance of the method. The results of the evaluation indicate that the proposed method is able to detect event-related tweets with about 87% accuracy in a timely manner.

Event relatedness assessment of Twitter messages for emergency response

https://minerva-access.unimelb.edu.au/bitstream/handle/11343/26662/117054_spatially_referenced.pdf

Mohsen Kalantari

Papers

A new 3D indoor/outdoor spatial model for indoor emergency response facilitation

Towards integration of 3D legal and physical objects in cadastral data models

Visualization requirements for 3D cadastral systems

Event relatedness assessment of Twitter messages for emergency response

Spatially referenced legal property objects