Molly McFadden

Bio: Molly McFadden is an academic researcher from University of Utah. The author has contributed to research in topics: Population & Oswestry Disability Index. The author has an hindex of 18, co-authored 52 publications receiving 852 citations. Previous affiliations of Molly McFadden include Primary Children's Hospital & Veterans Health Administration.

Early Physical Therapy vs Usual Care in Patients With Recent-Onset Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Abstract: Importance Low back pain (LBP) is common in primary care. Guidelines recommend delaying referrals for physical therapy. Objective To evaluate whether early physical therapy (manipulation and exercise) is more effective than usual care in improving disability for patients with LBP fitting a decision rule. Design, Setting, and Participants Randomized clinical trial with 220 participants recruited between March 2011 and November 2013. Participants with no LBP treatment in the past 6 months, aged 18 through 60 years (mean age, 37.4 years [SD, 10.3]), an Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score of 20 or higher, symptom duration less than 16 days, and no symptoms distal to the knee in the past 72 hours were enrolled following a primary care visit. Interventions All participants received education. Early physical therapy (n = 108) consisted of 4 physical therapy sessions. Usual care (n = 112) involved no additional interventions during the first 4 weeks. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcome was change in the ODI score (range: 0-100; higher scores indicate greater disability; minimum clinically important difference, 6 points) at 3 months. Secondary outcomes included changes in the ODI score at 4-week and 1-year follow-up, and change in pain intensity, Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) score, fear-avoidance beliefs, quality of life, patient-reported success, and health care utilization at 4-week, 3-month, and 1-year follow-up. Results One-year follow-up was completed by 207 participants (94.1%). Using analysis of covariance, early physical therapy showed improvement relative to usual care in disability after 3 months (mean ODI score: early physical therapy group, 41.3 [95% CI, 38.7 to 44.0] at baseline to 6.6 [95% CI, 4.7 to 8.5] at 3 months; usual care group, 40.9 [95% CI, 38.6 to 43.1] at baseline to 9.8 [95% CI, 7.9 to 11.7] at 3 months; between-group difference, −3.2 [95% CI, −5.9 to −0.47], P = .02). A significant difference was found between groups for the ODI score after 4 weeks (between-group difference, −3.5 [95% CI, −6.8 to −0.08], P = .045]), but not at 1-year follow-up (between-group difference, −2.0 [95% CI, −5.0 to 1.0], P = .19). There was no improvement in pain intensity at 4-week, 3-month, or 1-year follow-up (between-group difference, −0.42 [95% CI, −0.90 to 0.02] at 4-week follow-up; −0.38 [95% CI, −0.84 to 0.09] at 3-month follow-up; and −0.17 [95% CI, −0.62 to 0.27] at 1-year follow-up). The PCS scores improved at 4 weeks and 3 months but not at 1-year follow-up (between-group difference, −2.7 [95% CI, −4.6 to −0.85] at 4-week follow-up; −2.2 [95% CI, −3.9 to −0.49] at 3-month follow-up; and −0.92 [95% CI, −2.7 to 0.61] at 1-year follow-up). There were no differences in health care utilization at any point. Conclusions and Relevance Among adults with recent-onset LBP, early physical therapy resulted in statistically significant improvement in disability, but the improvement was modest and did not achieve the minimum clinically important difference compared with usual care. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT01726803

Product of the Physician Global Assessment and body surface area: a simple static measure of psoriasis severity in a longitudinal cohort

Abstract: Background The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) is considered the gold standard assessment tool for psoriasis severity, but PASI is limited by its complexity and insensitivity in people with mild psoriasis. Objective We sought to evaluate the product of a Physician Global Assessment (PGA) and Body Surface Area (BSA) (PGAxBSA) as an alternative to PASI. Methods Psoriasis severity was evaluated at 6-month intervals in participants of the Utah Psoriasis Initiative registry. Correlation coefficients were used to compare PGAxBSA with PASI and the Simplified PASI (SPASI). Results Between August 2008 and November 2010, 435 assessments were completed in 226 participants. The median PASI score was 3.2 (interquartile range 1.8-5.4) and the median BSA was 3.0% (interquartile range 1.0%-5.0%). PGAxBSA had higher correlations with PASI than SPASI (0.87 vs 0.76, P P P Limitations The use of PGAxBSA for measuring severe psoriasis and response to therapy is unclear, because most participants had mild to moderate psoriasis and data were not collected at predefined intervals in relation to therapy initiation. Interrater reliability was not assessed. Conclusions PGAxBSA is a simple and sensitive instrument for measuring psoriasis severity.

Work productivity loss and fatigue in psoriatic arthritis.

Abstract: Objective. To explore the relationship between fatigue and work productivity loss (WPL) in people with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Methods. Data were collected from participants in the Utah Psoriasis Initiative Arthritis registry between January 2010 and May 2013. WPL was measured with the 8-item Work Limitations Questionnaire. Fatigue was assessed with question 1 from the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI#1), “How would you describe the overall level of fatigue/tiredness you have experienced?” and with question 1 from the Psoriatic Arthritis Quality of Life Questionnaire (PsAQOL#1) “I feel tired whatever I do.” Psoriatic activity was evaluated with tender joint count (TJC), swollen joint count (SJC), dactylitis count, enthesitis count, inflammatory back pain (IBP), physician global assessment, body surface area, and psoriasis pain and itch. Results. Among 107 participants, work productivity was reduced by 6.7%, compared to benchmark employees without limitations. Fatigue was reported by 54 patients (50.5%) on PsAQOL#1, and 64 (60.0%) were classified as high fatigue by BASDAI#1. TJC, SJC, enthesitis count, IBP, and depressed mood were highest or most frequent in participants reporting fatigue. After adjustments for psoriatic activity and depressed mood, WPL was associated with fatigue, as measured by PsAQOL#1 (p = 0.01) and BASDAI#1 (p = 0.002). Conclusion. WPL was associated with fatigue, and the association was not entirely explained by the evaluated musculoskeletal, cutaneous, or psychiatric manifestations of PsA.

Health behaviors, quality of life, and psychosocial health among survivors of adolescent and young adult cancers

Abstract: Survivors of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer may engage in unhealthy lifestyles (e.g., smoking), potentially heightening their risk for long-term health problems. We assessed health behaviors and constructs including quality of life (QOL) and psychosocial well-being among survivors of AYA cancer compared to the general population. We used 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data to evaluate health behaviors for survivors of AYA cancer compared to AYAs without cancer. Multivariable regressions assessed health behaviors (smoking, binge drinking, physical inactivity, and low fruit/vegetable intake) by sex and age between AYA survivors and controls, and among survivors to determine the effects of demographic, QOL, psychosocial, and cancer factors on behaviors. A greater proportion of female survivors of AYA cancer smoked than controls (currently aged 20–39: 27 vs. 14.3%, respectively; currently aged 40–64: 29.3 vs. 18.4%, respectively). Generally, survivors and controls were non-adherent to national health behavior guidelines. Uninsured survivors were at greater risk of smoking vs. insured (females, Relative Risk (RR) = 1.64, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.43–1.90; males, RR = 2.62, 95 % CI 1.71–4.02). Poor social/emotional support was associated with smoking (RR = 1.26, 95 % CI 1.07–1.48) among female survivors and was associated with low fruit/vegetable intake among male (RR = 1.12, 95 % CI 1.01–1.23) and female (RR = 1.12, 95 % CI 1.05–1.19) survivors. Female survivors >10 years from diagnosis had higher risk of smoking (RR = 1.26–1.91, all p < 0.01) than survivors 5–10 years from diagnosis. Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors are common in survivors of AYA cancer. AYA survivors require health behavior support.

Myocardial strain and strain rate in Kawasaki disease

Abstract: Aims We sought to determine whether velocity vector imaging (VVI)-derived left ventricular (LV) myocardial deformation indices could detect subtle myocardial abnormalities in acute Kawasaki disease (KD). Methods and results The study cohort of children with KD was divided by coronary artery dilation (CAD, Z -score >2.5) and/or uncomplicated vs. treatment-resistant (persistent/recrudescent fever) cases and compared with age-matched controls. Peak systolic LV myocardial strain ( ɛ ) and strain rate (SR) were obtained using VVI on pre-treatment echocardiograms. Comparisons were made between controls and (i) the entire KD group, (ii) KD group subdivided by CAD, and (iii) KD group subdivided by treatment resistance. The KD group consisted of 32 children (66% male, 24 ± 20 months). Of these, 17 had CAD and 14 had resistant KD. The control group consisted of 22 children (55% male, 20 ± 17 months). Routine echo indices of LV systolic function were normal for both groups. Compared with controls, KD patients had lower global longitudinal ɛ (−15.29 vs. −12.94, P = 0.04) and SR (−1.12 vs. −0.87, P = 0.003). On subgroup analysis compared with controls, KD patients with CAD ( n = 17) had lower longitudinal ɛ (−15.29 vs. −11.87, P = 0.02) and SR (−1.12 vs. −0.86, P = 0.005). Subdivided by treatment resistance, compared with controls, those with resistant KD had lower longitudinal ɛ (−15.29 vs. −11.8, P = 0.01) and SR (−1.12 vs. −0.82, P = 0.003). Conclusion Despite normal LV systolic function by routine echocardiographic measurements, KD patients have reduced longitudinal LV ɛ and SR, which may be more sensitive indicators of myocardial inflammation and may provide supportive criteria to avoid delayed diagnosis of KD.

人唾液天疱疮抗原的纯化

Abstract: 1. Place animal in induction chamber and anesthetize the mouse and ensure sedation. 2. Once the animal is sedated, move it to a nose cone for hair removal using cream. Only apply cream to the area of the chest that will be utilized for imaging. Once the hair is removed, wipe area with wet gauze to ensure all hair is removed. 3. Move the animal to the imaging platform and tape its paws to the ECG lead plates and insert rectal probe. Body temperature should be maintained at 36-37°C. During imaging, reduce anesthesia to maintain proper heart rate. If the animal shows signs of being awake, use a higher concentration of anesthetic.

Occupational Outlook Handbook

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Management of Stroke in Neonates and Children: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association

Abstract: Purpose- Much has transpired since the last scientific statement on pediatric stroke was published 10 years ago. Although stroke has long been recognized as an adult health problem causing substantial morbidity and mortality, it is also an important cause of acquired brain injury in young patients, occurring most commonly in the neonate and throughout childhood. This scientific statement represents a synthesis of data and a consensus of the leading experts in childhood cardiovascular disease and stroke. Methods- Members of the writing group were appointed by the American Heart Association Stroke Council's Scientific Statement Oversight Committee and the American Heart Association's Manuscript Oversight Committee and were chosen to reflect the expertise of the subject matter. The writers used systematic literature reviews, references to published clinical and epidemiology studies, morbidity and mortality reports, clinical and public health guidelines, authoritative statements, personal files, and expert opinion to summarize existing evidence and to indicate gaps in current knowledge. This scientific statement is based on expert consensus considerations for clinical practice. Results- Annualized pediatric stroke incidence rates, including both neonatal and later childhood stroke and both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, range from 3 to 25 per 100 000 children in developed countries. Newborns have the highest risk ratio: 1 in 4000 live births. Stroke is a clinical syndrome. Delays in diagnosis are common in both perinatal and childhood stroke but for different reasons. To develop new strategies for prevention and treatment, disease processes and risk factors that lead to pediatric stroke are discussed here to aid the clinician in rapid diagnosis and treatment. The many important differences that affect the pathophysiology and treatment of childhood stroke are discussed in each section. Conclusions- Here we provide updates on perinatal and childhood stroke with a focus on the subtypes, including arterial ischemic, venous thrombotic, and hemorrhagic stroke, and updates in regard to areas of childhood stroke that have not received close attention such as sickle cell disease. Each section is highlighted with considerations for clinical practice, attendant controversies, and knowledge gaps. This statement provides the practicing provider with much-needed updated information in this field.

Interventions for emergency contraception

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Emergency contraception (EC) is using a drug or copper intrauterine device (Cu-IUD) to prevent pregnancy shortly after unprotected intercourse. Several interventions are available for EC. Information on the comparative effectiveness safety and convenience of these methods is crucial for reproductive healthcare providers and the women they serve. OBJECTIVES: To determine which EC method following unprotected intercourse is the most effective safe and convenient to prevent pregnancy. SEARCH METHODS: The search included the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register Popline MEDLINE PubMed Biosis/EMBASE Chinese biomedical databases and UNDP/UNFPA/WHO/World Bank Special Programme on Human Reproduction (HRP) emergency contraception database (July 2011). Content experts and pharmaceutical companies were contacted. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials and controlled clinical trials including women attending services for EC following a single act of unprotected intercourse were eligible. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data on outcomes and trial characteristics were extracted in duplicate and independently by two review authors. Quality assessment was also done by two review authors independently. Meta-analysis results are expressed as risk ratio (RR) using a fixed-effect model with 95% confidence interval (CI). In the presence of statistically significant heterogeneity a random-effects model was applied. MAIN RESULTS: One hundred trials with 55666 women were included. Most trials were conducted in China (86/100). Meta-analysis indicated that mid-dose mifepristone (25-50 mg) (20 trials; RR 0.64; 95% CI 0.45 to 0.92) or low-dose mifepristone (< 25 mg) (11 trials; RR 0.70; 95% CI 0.50 to 0.97) were significantly more effective than levonorgestrel (LNG) but the significance was marginal when only high-quality studies were included (4 trials; RR 0.70; 95% CI 0.49 to 1.01). Low-dose mifepristone was less effective than mid-dose mifepristone (25 trials; RR 0.73; 95% CI 0.55 to 0.97). This difference was not statistically significant when only high-quality trials were considered (6 trials; RR 0.75; 95% CI 0.50 to 1.10). Ulipristal acetate (UPA) appeared more effective (2 trials; RR 0.63) than LNG at a marginal level (P = 0.09) within 72 hours of intercourse.Regarding effectiveness in relation to the time of administration women who took LNG within 72 hours of intercourse were significantly less likely to be pregnant than those who took it after 72 hours (4 trials; RR 0.51; 95% CI 0.31 to 0.84). It was not evident that the coitus-treatment time affected the effectiveness of mifepristone and UPA.Single-dose LNG (1.5 mg) showed similar effectiveness as the standard two-dose regimen (0.75 mg 12 h apart) (3 trials; RR 0.84; 95% CI 0.53 to 1.33). This conclusion was not modified by the time elapsed from intercourse to treatment administration.Mifepristone (all doses) (3 trials; RR 0.14; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.41) and LNG (5 trials; RR 0.54; 95% CI 0.36 to 0.80) were more effective than the Yuzpe regimen in preventing pregnancy. One trial compared gestrinone with mifepristone. No significant difference of effectiveness was identified in this trial (996 women; RR 0.75; 95% CI 0.32 to 1.76).All methods of EC were safe. Nausea and vomiting occurred with oestrogen-containing EC methods and progestogen and anti-progestogen methods caused changes in subsequent menses. LNG users were more likely to have a menstrual return before the expected date but UPA users were more likely to have a menstrual return after the expected date. Menstrual delay was the main adverse effect of mifepristone and seemed to be dose-related. AUTHORS CONCLUSIONS: Intermediate-dose mifepristone (25-50 mg) was superior to LNG and Yuzpe regimens. Mifepristone low dose (< 25 mg) may be more effective than LNG (0.75 mg two doses) but this was not conclusive. UPA may be more effective than LNG. LNG proved to be more effective than the Yuzpe regimen. The copper IUD was the most effective EC method and was the only EC method to provide ongoing contraception if left in situ.