Mrityunjay Singh

Bio: Mrityunjay Singh is an academic researcher from Indian Institute of Technology Madras. The author has contributed to research in topics: Enhanced geothermal system & Geothermal energy. The author has an hindex of 7, co-authored 14 publications receiving 77 citations. Previous affiliations of Mrityunjay Singh include Asansol Engineering College.

Potential of $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$CO2 based geothermal energy extraction from hot sedimentary and dry rock reservoirs, and enabling carbon geo-sequestration

Abstract: Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) is necessary to mitigate global warming caused by anthropogenic $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ emissions in the atmosphere. However, due to very high storage cost, it is difficult to sustain the CCS industry. The hot sedimentary and dry rock reservoirs with very high temperature can support both geothermal energy production, and carbon geosequestration economically, provided the $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ is used as a heat-carrying fluid with proper optimization of injection parameters according to reservoir conditions. In this paper we have reviewed past studies discussing the working mechanisms, pressure management strategies and various advantages of energy extraction from hydrothermal reservoirs by $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ plume geothermal technology and hot dry rock— enhanced geothermal system (EGS) technology. Past studies highlighted that due to very high thermal expansivity and mobility, supercritical $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ can produce more heat than water-EGS. For low enthalpy (around 50 $$^\circ$$C) and shallow (0.5–1.5 km) reservoirs, $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ can fetch more heat than water because of higher heat capacity. Other advantages of CCS and EGS are (i) the production of brine or $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ assisting to manage the reservoir pressure and restrict the fluid interference with neighboring reservoirs, (ii) the fluid loss, which is a significant concern in a water-EGS but for $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$-EGS it is environmentally friendly, and (iii) higher pressure and cold fluid injection induced geological deformation and microseismicity are relatively less for $$\hbox {CO}_2$$-EGS than water-EGS. In this paper, we have also discussed various challenges of $$\hbox {CO}_2$$-EGS to enable CCS in hydrothermal reservoir and hot dry rock system.

Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology

Abstract: "Graefe's Archive" is a distinguished international journal that presents original clinical reports and clinically relevant experimental studies. Founded in 1854 by Albrecht von Graefe to serve as a source of useful clinical information and a stimulus for discussion, the journal has published articles by leading ophthalmologists and vision research scientists for more than a century. With peer review by an international Editorial Board and prompt English-language publication, "Graefe's Archive" provides rapid dissemination of clinical and clinically related experimental information.

SARS-CoV-2 Accessory Proteins in Viral Pathogenesis: Knowns and Unknowns.

Abstract: There are still many unanswered questions concerning viral SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in COVID-19. Accessory proteins in SARS-CoV-2 consist of eleven viral proteins whose roles during infection are still not completely understood. Here, a review on the current knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 accessory proteins is summarized updating new research that could be critical in understanding SARS-CoV-2 interaction with the host. Some accessory proteins such as ORF3b, ORF6, ORF7a and ORF8 have been shown to be important IFN-I antagonists inducing an impairment in the host immune response. In addition, ORF3a is involved in apoptosis whereas others like ORF9b and ORF9c interact with cellular organelles leading to suppression of the antiviral response in infected cells. However, possible roles of ORF7b and ORF10 are still awaiting to be described. Also, ORF3d has been reassigned. Relevant information on the knowns and the unknowns in these proteins is analyzed, which could be crucial for further understanding of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and to design strategies counteracting their actions evading immune responses in COVID-19.