Muhammad Aamir

Bio: Muhammad Aamir is an academic researcher from Bahria University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Control theory & Uninterruptible power supply. The author has an hindex of 12, co-authored 42 publications receiving 621 citations. Previous affiliations of Muhammad Aamir include University of Malaya & Hanyang University.

Inductively coupled power transfer (ICPT) for electric vehicle charging – A review

Abstract: The deficiency in the availability of petroleum products has given rise to the incorporation of electric vehicles (EVs) globally as a substitute for the conventional transportation system. Significant research has been pursued over last two decades in the development of efficient EV charging methods. A preliminary review of few methods developed for wireless charging revealed that ICPT is a promising and convenient method for the wireless charging of EVs. This paper includes the equivalent circuit analysis and characteristics of the ICPT system and focuses on the research progress in respect of the designs for the charging coil, leakage inductance compensation topologies, power level enhancement and misalignment toleration. The improvement in these factors has been essential for the implementation of EV charging. A brief discussion over design process and control of ICPT system has been added. Conclusions have been made on the basis of the information extracted from the literature and some future recommendations are provided.

Selective harmonic elimination in inverters using bio-inspired intelligent algorithms for renewable energy conversion applications: A review

Abstract: Observing present scarcity of fossil fuel and emissions of greenhouse gases, electricity generated from Renewable Energy (RE) sources turns out to be the best alternative for generating the power. In RE system, the inverter is normally used to condition the DC power into AC to meet the requirements of load and transmission system. The inverter offers myriad benefits; however, the presence of harmonics (particularly low-order) in the output voltage affects the efficiency and performance of inverter, causes switching losses and decreases the lifetime of the system. In last three decades, significant research has been done to develop the efficient control technique for eliminating the unwanted harmonics. The preliminary review of existing control techniques revealed that the selective harmonic elimination pulse-width modulation (SHEPWM) is more proficient to eliminate the low-order harmonics. However, non-linear transcendental equations used in this technique pose a challenge to solve particularly for calculus-based methods. With the advent of powerful and low-cost computers, bio-inspired intelligent algorithms (BIAs) seem to be a better approach for solving these complex equations. This review paper presents the detailed principle operation of nine well-known BIAs and discusses their application in inverters for harmonic elimination (HE). Moreover, different objective functions are also discussed in this paper which is used by the researchers for HE. Additionally, the performance of five renowned BIAs, namely, Imperialist Competitive Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization, Differential Evolution, Bee Algorithm and Genetic Algorithm is critically evaluated. Their performance is analyzed in terms of accuracy, computational complexity, convergence speed, and a number of control parameters. The conclusion has been made on the basis of information extracted from the literature and evaluation results with future recommendations. This single paper covers all the essential information regarding HE in inverters, which will help researchers to design the efficient RE conversion system.

Review: Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) system

Abstract: Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS) have reached a mature level by providing clean and uninterruptible power to the sensitive loads in all grid conditions. Generally UPS system provides regulated sinusoidal output voltage, with low total harmonics distortion (THD), and high input power factor irrespective of the changes in the grid voltage. This paper provides comprehensive review of UPS topologies, circuit configurations, and different control techniques used in the UPS system. A comparison based on the performance, size, cost, and efficiency of the system is presented. Different hybrid energy source UPS system and new generation UPS system for smart grid and micro-grid has been explained. Finally the paper describes performance evaluation of UPS system and explains different aspects that are to be considered for choosing a suitable UPS system by the user.

An Online Transformerless Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) System With a Smaller Battery Bank for Low-Power Applications

Abstract: Uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) are widely used to provide reliable and high-quality power to critical loads in all grid conditions. This paper proposes a nonisolated online UPS system. The proposed system consists of bridgeless PFC boost rectifier, battery charger/discharger, and an inverter. A new battery charger/discharger has been implemented which ensures the bidirectional flow of power between dc link and battery bank, reducing the battery bank voltage to only 24V, and regulates the dc-link voltage during the battery power mode. Operating batteries in parallel improves the battery performance and resolve the problems related to conventional battery banks that arrange batteries in series. A new control method, integrating slide mode and proportional-resonant control, for the inverter has been proposed which regulates the output voltage for both linear and nonlinear loads. The controller exhibits excellent performance during transients and step changes in load. The operating principle and experimental results of 1-kVA prototype have been presented for validation of the proposed system.

High-Gain Zero-Voltage Switching Bidirectional Converter With a Reduced Number of Switches

Abstract: A nonisolated bidirectional dc–dc converter has been proposed in this brief for charging and discharging the battery bank through a single circuit in applications of uninterruptible power supplies and hybrid electric vehicles. The proposed bidirectional converter operates under a zero-voltage switching condition and provides large voltage diversity in both modes of operation. This enables the circuit to step up the low-battery bank voltage to high dc-link voltage, and vice versa. The bidirectional operation of the converter is achieved by employing only three active switches, a coupled inductor, and an additional voltage clamped circuit. A complete description of the operation principle of the circuit is explained, and the design procedure of the converter has been discussed. The experimental results of a 300-W prototype of the proposed converter confirmed the validity of the circuit. The maximum efficiency of 96% is obtained at half load for boost operation mode and 92% for buck mode of operation.

Power Electronics Converters Applications And Design

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Biogas Developments and Perspectives in Europe

Abstract: This paper presents a review of the turn of events and points of view of biogas in and its utilization for power, heat and in transport in the European Union (EU) and its Member States. Biogas creation has expanded in the EU, empowered by the sustainable power strategies, notwithstanding monetary, ecological and atmosphere benefits, to arrive at 18 billion m3 methane (654 PJ) in 2015, speaking to half of the worldwide biogas creation. The EU is the world chief in biogas power creation, with more than 10 GW introduced and various 17,400 biogas plants, in contrast with the worldwide biogas limit of 15 GW in 2015. In the EU, biogas conveyed 127 TJ of warmth and 61 TWh of power in 2015; about half of absolute biogas utilization in Europe was bound to warm age. Europe is the world's driving maker of biomethane for the utilization as a vehicle fuel or for infusion into the petroleum gas network, with 459 plants in 2015 creating 1.2 billion m3 and 340 plants taking care of into the gas network, with a limit of 1.5 million m3. Around 697 biomethane filling stations guaranteed the utilization 160 million m3 of biomethane as a transport fuel in 2015.

Lithium-Ion Battery Storage for the Grid—A Review of Stationary Battery Storage System Design Tailored for Applications in Modern Power Grids

Abstract: Battery energy storage systems have gained increasing interest for serving grid support in various application tasks. In particular, systems based on lithium-ion batteries have evolved rapidly with a wide range of cell technologies and system architectures available on the market. On the application side, different tasks for storage deployment demand distinct properties of the storage system. This review aims to serve as a guideline for best choice of battery technology, system design and operation for lithium-ion based storage systems to match a specific system application. Starting with an overview to lithium-ion battery technologies and their characteristics with respect to performance and aging, the storage system design is analyzed in detail based on an evaluation of real-world projects. Typical storage system applications are grouped and classified with respect to the challenges posed to the battery system. Publicly available modeling tools for technical and economic analysis are presented. A brief analysis of optimization approaches aims to point out challenges and potential solution techniques for system sizing, positioning and dispatch operation. For all areas reviewed herein, expected improvements and possible future developments are highlighted. In order to extract the full potential of stationary battery storage systems and to enable increased profitability of systems, future research should aim to a holistic system level approach combining not only performance tuning on a battery cell level and careful analysis of the application requirements, but also consider a proper selection of storage sub-components as well as an optimized system operation strategy.

A review of Battery Electric Vehicle technology and readiness levels

Abstract: As concerns of oil depletion and security of supply remain as severe as ever, and faced with the consequences of climate change due to greenhouse gas emissions, Europe is increasingly looking at alternatives to traditional road transport technologies. Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) are seen as a promising technology, which could lead to the decarbonisation of the Light Duty Vehicle fleet and to independence from oil. However it still has to overcome some significant barriers to gain social acceptance and obtain appreciable market penetration. This review evaluates the technological readiness of the different elements of BEV technology and highlights those technological areas where important progress is expected. Techno-economic issues linked with the development of BEVs are investigated. Current BEVs in the market need to be more competitive than other low carbon vehicles, a requirement which stimulates the necessity for new business models. Finally, the all-important role of politics in this development is, also, discussed. As the benefit of BEVs can help countries meet their environmental targets, governments have included them in their roadmaps and have developed incentives to help them penetrate the market.